QT学习:c++解析html相关
原来我做爬虫的时候，对页面进行解析的时候总是用很简单粗暴的方法，直接找规律。后来在网上看到了gumbo，尝试了一下，发现确实很好用，所以向大家推荐一下。
以下转自：http://blog.csdn.net/whyistao/article/details/37919581
1.c++好像没有太多的html解析库可以用，最后试着在qt里面集成了htmlcxx，一开始在pro里面写了 includepath += 路径，发现仍然没有用 后来发现只要在 HEADERS 和 SOURCES 里面 把htmlcxx的c文件和.h文件 +=进去就行了，像这样: SOURCES += main.cpp\ html/utils.cc \ html/Uri.cc \ html/ParserSax.cc \ html/ParserDom.cc \ html/Node.cc \ html/Extensions.cc HEADERS += mainwindow.h \ html/utils.h \ html/Uri.h \ html/tree.h \ html/ParserSax.h \ html/ParserDom.h \ html/Node.h \ html/Extensions.h \ html/debug.h \ html/ci_string.h \ html/wincstring.h \ html/tld.h 参考了: htmlcxx for qt(mingw) http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-21525518-id-1824657.html 2.使用gumbo解析 导入c和h文件方法同上，记一下gumbo常用类型 GumboOutput 用GumboOutput来解析html源码，然后output->root即为根节点。 GumboOutput* output = gumbo_parse(htmlString.c_str()); GumboNode* node = output->root GumboNode 节点 GumboNode node; 获得节点里面的东西 node->v->text // 节点的文本 node->v.element.children // 获得节点的子节点列表 node->type //节点的类型 GumboVector 节点容器 比如可以 GumboVector * children = node->v.element.children; 来获得节点的子节点列表 (GumboNode*) ( children->data[i] ) //获得这个节点列表的第i个节点 GumboAttribute 节点属性 GumboAttribute* href; if (node->v.element.tag == GUMBO_TAG_A && (href = gumbo_get_attribute(&node->v.element.attributes, "href"))) { std::cout << href->value << std::endl; } 节点的类型 ELEMENT_NODE，普通元素节点，如<html>,<p>,<div>,<span>,<img> ATTRIBUTE_NODE，元素属性 TEXT_NODE，文本节点 CDATA_SECTION_NODE，即<![CDATA[ ]]> ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE，实体引用，如& ENTITY_NODE，实体，如<!ENTITY copyright “Copyright 2010, impng. All rights reserved”]> PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE，PI，处理指令，如<?xml version=”1.0″?> COMMENT_NODE，注释<!– –> DOCUMENT_NODE，根节点，即document.nodeType DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE，DTD，文档类型<!DOCTYPE > DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE，文档片段 NOTATION_NODE，DTD中定义的记号 在代码里的节点类型可以有如下几种 (使用方法 node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT ) typedef enum { /** Document node. v will be a GumboDocument. */ GUMBO_NODE_DOCUMENT, /** Element node. v will be a GumboElement. */ GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT, /** Text node. v will be a GumboText. */ GUMBO_NODE_TEXT, /** CDATA node. v will be a GumboText. */ GUMBO_NODE_CDATA, /** Comment node. v. will be a GumboText, excluding comment delimiters. */ GUMBO_NODE_COMMENT, /** Text node, where all contents is whitespace. v will be a GumboText. */ GUMBO_NODE_WHITESPACE } GumboNodeType; 标签类型: (使用方法 node->v.element.tag != GUMBO_TAG_SCRIPT ) typedef enum { // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#the-root-element GUMBO_TAG_HTML, // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#document-metadata GUMBO_TAG_HEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TITLE, GUMBO_TAG_BASE, GUMBO_TAG_LINK, GUMBO_TAG_META, GUMBO_TAG_STYLE, // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/scripting-1.html#scripting-1 GUMBO_TAG_SCRIPT, GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE, // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#sections GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_ARTICLE, GUMBO_TAG_SECTION, GUMBO_TAG_NAV, GUMBO_TAG_ASIDE, GUMBO_TAG_H1, GUMBO_TAG_H2, GUMBO_TAG_H3, GUMBO_TAG_H4, GUMBO_TAG_H5, GUMBO_TAG_H6, GUMBO_TAG_HGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_HEADER, GUMBO_TAG_FOOTER, GUMBO_TAG_ADDRESS, // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/grouping-content.html#grouping-content GUMBO_TAG_P, GUMBO_TAG_HR, GUMBO_TAG_PRE, GUMBO_TAG_BLOCKQUOTE, GUMBO_TAG_OL, GUMBO_TAG_UL, GUMBO_TAG_LI, GUMBO_TAG_DL, GUMBO_TAG_DT, GUMBO_TAG_DD, GUMBO_TAG_FIGURE, GUMBO_TAG_FIGCAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_MAIN, GUMBO_TAG_DIV, // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#text-level-semantics GUMBO_TAG_A, GUMBO_TAG_EM, GUMBO_TAG_STRONG, GUMBO_TAG_SMALL, GUMBO_TAG_S, GUMBO_TAG_CITE, GUMBO_TAG_Q, GUMBO_TAG_DFN, GUMBO_TAG_ABBR, GUMBO_TAG_DATA, GUMBO_TAG_TIME, GUMBO_TAG_CODE, GUMBO_TAG_VAR, GUMBO_TAG_SAMP, GUMBO_TAG_KBD, GUMBO_TAG_SUB, GUMBO_TAG_SUP, GUMBO_TAG_I, GUMBO_TAG_B, GUMBO_TAG_U, GUMBO_TAG_MARK, GUMBO_TAG_RUBY, GUMBO_TAG_RT, GUMBO_TAG_RP, GUMBO_TAG_BDI, GUMBO_TAG_BDO, GUMBO_TAG_SPAN, GUMBO_TAG_BR, GUMBO_TAG_WBR, // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/edits.html#edits GUMBO_TAG_INS, GUMBO_TAG_DEL, // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/embedded-content-1.html#embedded-content-1 GUMBO_TAG_IMAGE, GUMBO_TAG_IMG, GUMBO_TAG_IFRAME, GUMBO_TAG_EMBED, GUMBO_TAG_OBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_PARAM, GUMBO_TAG_VIDEO, GUMBO_TAG_AUDIO, GUMBO_TAG_SOURCE, GUMBO_TAG_TRACK, GUMBO_TAG_CANVAS, GUMBO_TAG_MAP, GUMBO_TAG_AREA, // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-map-element.html#mathml GUMBO_TAG_MATH, GUMBO_TAG_MI, GUMBO_TAG_MO, GUMBO_TAG_MN, GUMBO_TAG_MS, GUMBO_TAG_MTEXT, GUMBO_TAG_MGLYPH, GUMBO_TAG_MALIGNMARK, GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML, // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-map-element.html#svg-0 GUMBO_TAG_SVG, GUMBO_TAG_FOREIGNOBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_DESC, // SVG title tags will have GUMBO_TAG_TITLE as with HTML. // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/tabular-data.html#tabular-data GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_COL, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/forms.html#forms GUMBO_TAG_FORM, GUMBO_TAG_FIELDSET, GUMBO_TAG_LEGEND, GUMBO_TAG_LABEL, GUMBO_TAG_INPUT, GUMBO_TAG_BUTTON, GUMBO_TAG_SELECT, GUMBO_TAG_DATALIST, GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_OPTION, GUMBO_TAG_TEXTAREA, GUMBO_TAG_KEYGEN, GUMBO_TAG_OUTPUT, GUMBO_TAG_PROGRESS, GUMBO_TAG_METER, // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/interactive-elements.html#interactive-elements GUMBO_TAG_DETAILS, GUMBO_TAG_SUMMARY, GUMBO_TAG_MENU, GUMBO_TAG_MENUITEM, // Non-conforming elements that nonetheless appear in the HTML5 spec. // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/obsolete.html#non-conforming-features GUMBO_TAG_APPLET, GUMBO_TAG_ACRONYM, GUMBO_TAG_BGSOUND, GUMBO_TAG_DIR, GUMBO_TAG_FRAME, GUMBO_TAG_FRAMESET, GUMBO_TAG_NOFRAMES, GUMBO_TAG_ISINDEX, GUMBO_TAG_LISTING, GUMBO_TAG_XMP, GUMBO_TAG_NEXTID, GUMBO_TAG_NOEMBED, GUMBO_TAG_PLAINTEXT, GUMBO_TAG_RB, GUMBO_TAG_STRIKE, GUMBO_TAG_BASEFONT, GUMBO_TAG_BIG, GUMBO_TAG_BLINK, GUMBO_TAG_CENTER, GUMBO_TAG_FONT, GUMBO_TAG_MARQUEE, GUMBO_TAG_MULTICOL, GUMBO_TAG_NOBR, GUMBO_TAG_SPACER, GUMBO_TAG_TT, // Used for all tags that don't have special handling in HTML. GUMBO_TAG_UNKNOWN, // A marker value to indicate the end of the enum, for iterating over it. // Also used as the terminator for varargs functions that take tags. GUMBO_TAG_LAST, } GumboTag; 3.使用gumbo的时候，报了一个RtlWerpReportException failed with status code :-1073741823 错， 一开始以为是堆栈溢出的问题，后来发现是自己代码逻辑没写对，最好对照着官方demo的用法去写 if (node->v.element.tag == GUMBO_TAG_A && (href = gumbo_get_attribute(&node->v.element.attributes, "href"))) { std::cout << href->value << std::endl; } 4.编译gumbo的时候报了一个错 错误:'for' loop initial declarations are only allowed in C99 mode 所以在项目pro配置里要加上这两句 QMAKE_CFLAGS_DEBUG += --std=c99 QMAKE_CFLAGS_RELEASE += --std=c99
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