电机专题
直流电机：
其实直流电机也就是小的时候玩的四驱车的马达，但是在单片机驱动是，需要家驱动电路，我至今还没驱动起直流电机，就是因为目前不知道怎么来连接驱动电路；
控制直流电机的转速的是用PWM波形来控制，就是控制高电平持续时间在一个周期中所占的比例，这个有个专用的名词叫占空比来着
用单片机得到PWM波形有三种方式
方式1：利用软件延时，当高电平延时时间到时的时候，对I/O口电平取反，然后咋延时，当低电平延时时间到后，在对I/O口进行取反，如此循环就得到PWM波形
方式2：利用的是定时器延时，控制方法同上
方式3：利用单片机自带的PWM控制器
示例代码：得到PWM波形
//利用软件延时：并且用键盘扫描得到不同的PWM #include<reg52.h> #define uint unsigned int #define uchar unsigned char sbit PWN = P1^1; sbit key1 = P3^1; sbit key2 = P3^2; uchar num; uint yanshi; uchar code table[]={0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0, 0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8, 0x80,0x90,0x88,0x83, 0xc6,0xa1,0x86,0x8e}; void delayms(uint z) { uint x,y; for(x = z;x>0;x--) for(y=110;y>0;y--); } void main() { while(1) { P3 = 0xff; if(key1 ==0) { delayms(2); if(key1 ==0) { while(!key1); num++; if(num ==7) { num =0; } yanshi = 200*num; } } switch(num) { case 1: { PWN = ~PWN; P0 = table[num]; delayms(yanshi); } break; case 2: { PWN = ~PWN; P0 = table[num]; delayms(yanshi); } break; case 3: { PWN = ~PWN; P0 = table[num]; delayms(yanshi); } break; case 4: { PWN = ~PWN; P0 = table[num]; delayms(yanshi); } break; case 5: { PWN = ~PWN; P0 = table[num]; delayms(yanshi); } break; case 6: { P0 = table[num]; PWN = 1; } break; } } }
示例代码2：
#include<reg52.h> #define uint unsigned int #define uchar unsigned char #define TIME 600 sbit led1 = P1^1; void delay(uint xx) { while(xx--); } void main() { uint x; while(1) { for(x = 0;x<TIME;x++) { led1 = 0; delay(TIME-x); led1 = 1; delay(x); } delay(65535); for(x=TIME;x>0;x--) { led1 = 0; delay(TIME-x); led1 = 1; delay(x); } } }
步进电机：
步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移和线位移的开环控制元件，在非超载的情况下，电机的转速，停止的位置，只取决于脉冲信号的频率数，和脉冲数，而不受负载变化的影响
基本的步进电机的驱动程序：
#include<reg52.h> #define uint unsigned int main() { uint i,j; while(1) { P1 = 0x01;//0000 0001 for(i = 0;i<800;i++); P1 = 0x02;//0000 0010 for(i = 0;i<800;i++); P1 = 0x04;//0000 0100 for(i = 0;i<800;i++); P1 = 0x08;//0000 1000 for(i = 0;i<800;i++); } }
综合程序；用按键实现步进电机的启动，停止，增速，减速，并在数码管上显示出来：
#include<reg52.h> #define uint unsigned int #define uchar unsigned char sbit dula = P2^7; sbit wela = P2^6; sbit key1 = P3^3;//这里是解决我的单片机上按键坏掉的问题 sbit key2 = P2^4; sbit key3 = P2^5; sbit key4 = P2^1; uchar aa,flag,speed,flag1,i;//flag 是用来标记启动和停止的标志位 //flag1 是用来标记正转还是反转的标志位 uchar code table[]={0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08}; uchar code table1[]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f, 0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07, 0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c, 0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71}; void init() { TMOD = 0x01; TH0 = (65536-2400)/256; TL0 = (65536-2400)%256; EA = 1; ET0 = 1; } void delay(uint z) { uint x ,y; for(x = z;x>0 ;x--) for(y = 110 ;y>0;y--); } void display1()//on显示函数 { wela = 1; P0 = 0xf7; wela = 0; P0 = 0; dula = 1; P0 = 0x3f; dula = 0; delay(5); P0 = 0xff; wela = 1; P0 = 0xef; wela =0; P0 = 0; dula = 1; P0 = 0x54; dula = 0; delay(5); } void display2()//off显示函数 { wela = 1; P0 = 0xf7; wela = 0; P0 = 0; dula = 1; P0 = 0x3f; dula = 0; delay(5); P0 = 0xff; wela = 1; P0 = 0xef; wela =0; P0 = 0; dula = 1; P0 = 0x71; dula = 0; delay(5); wela = 1; P0 = 0xdf; wela = 0; P0 = 0; dula = 1; P0 = 0x71; dula = 0; delay(5); P0 = 0xff; } void display()//显示函数 { uchar gw,sw; gw = speed%10; sw = speed/10; wela = 1; P0 = 0xfe; wela = 0; P0 = 0; dula = 1; P0 = table1[sw]; dula = 0; delay(5); P0 = 0xff; wela = 1; P0 = 0xfd; wela =0; P0 = 0; dula = 1; P0 = table1[gw]; dula = 0; delay(5); } void key_scan()//键盘扫描函数 { P3 = 0xff; if(key2==0) { delay(5); if(key2==0) { while(!key2) { display2(); } flag = 0; } } if(key1==0) { delay(5); if(key1 ==0) { while(!key1) { display1(); display(); } flag = 1;//步进电机启动 } } if(flag==1) { if(key4 == 0) { delay(5); if(key4==0) { while(!key4) { display(); display1(); } speed --; flag1 = 1; if(speed ==-1) speed = 20; } } if(key3==0) { delay(5); if(key3==0) { while(!key3) { display(); display1(); } speed ++; flag1 = 0; if(speed==21) { speed = 1; } } } } } main() { init(); while(1) { key_scan(); if(flag == 1) { TR0 = 1; display(); display1(); } if(flag == 0) { TR0 = 0; display2(); } } } void time0() interrupt 1 { TH0 = (65536-2400)/256; TL0 = (65536-2400)%256; aa ++; if(aa ==speed) { aa = 0; if(flag1 == 1)//正转的标志 { i++; if(i ==4) i = 0; P1 = table[i]; } if(flag1 == 0)//反转的标志 { i --; if(i == -1) i = 3; P1 = table[i]; } } }
版权所有，转载请注明链接地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/fengdashen/p/3349932.html
