U-BOOT 命令的介绍
UBOOT 常用命令
通常使用 help(或者只使用问号？)，来查看所有的 UBOOT 命令。将会列出在当前配置下所有支持的命令。 但是我们要注意，尽管 UBOOT 提供了很多配置选项，并不是所有选项都支持各种处理器和开发板，有些选项 可能在你的配置中并没有被选上。
4.1.1 获得帮助信息
通过 help 可以获得当前开发板的 UBOOT 中支持的命令.
CRANE2410 # help
? - alias for 'help' autoscr - run script from memory
base - print or set address offset bdinfo - print Board Info structure
boot - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd' bootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd' bootelf - Boot from an ELF image in memory bootm - boot application image from memory
bootp - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol bootvx - Boot vxWorks from an ELF image
cmp - memory compare
coninfo - print console devices and information cp - memory copy
crc32 - checksum calculation
date - get/set/reset date & time dcache - enable or disable data cache echo - echo args to console
erase - erase FLASH memory
flinfo - print FLASH memory information
go - start application at address 'addr' help - print online help
icache - enable or disable instruction cache
iminfo - print header information for application image imls - list all images found in flash
itest - return true/false on integer compare
loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode) loads - load S-Record file over serial line
loop - infinite loop on address range md - memory display
mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing) mtest - simple RAM test
mw - memory write (fill) nand - NAND sub-system
nboot - boot from NAND device
nfs - boot image via network using NFS protocol nm - memory modify (constant address)
ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host printenv- print environment variables
protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol reset - Perform RESET of the CPU
run - run commands in an environment variable
saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage setenv - set environment variables
sleep - delay execution for some time
tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol version - print monitor version
4.2 常用命令使用说明
4.2.1 askenv(F)
在标准输入（stdin）获得环境变量。
4.2.2 autoscr
从内存（Memory）运行教本。（注意，从下载地址开始，例如我们的开发板是从 0x30008000 处开始运 行).
CRANE2410 # autoscr 0x30008000
## Executing script at 30008000
4.2.3 base
打印或者设置当前指令与下载地址的地址偏移。
4.2.4 bdinfo
打印开发板信息
CRANE2410 # bdinfo
-arch_number = 0x000000C1 （CPU 体系结构号）
-env_t = 0x00000000 （环境变量）
-boot_params = 0x30000100 （启动引导参数）
-DRAM bank = 0x00000000 （内存区）
--> start = 0x30000000 （SDRAM 起始地址）
--> size = 0x04000000 （SDRAM 大小）
-ethaddr = 01:23:45:67:89:AB （以太网地址）
-ip_addr = 192.168.1.5 （IP 地址）
-baudrate = 115200 bps （波特率）
4.2.5 bootp
通过网络使用 Bootp 或者 TFTP 协议引导境像文件。 CRANE2410 # help bootp
bootp [loadAddress] [bootfilename]
4.2.6 bootelf
默认从 0x30008000 引导 elf 格式的文件(vmlinux)
CRANE2410 # help bootelf
bootelf [address] - load address of ELF image.
4.2.7 bootd(=boot)
引导的默认命令，即运行 U-BOOT 中在“include/configs/smdk2410.h” 中设置的“bootcmd”中 的命令。如下：
#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND "tftp 0x30008000 uImage; bootm 0x30008000";
在命令下做如下试验:
CRANE2410 # set bootcmd printenv CRANE2410 # boot
bootdelay=3 baudrate=115200 ethaddr=01:23:45:67:89:ab
CRANE2410 # bootd bootdelay=3 baudrate=115200 ethaddr=01:23:45:67:89:ab
4.2.8 tftp(tftpboot)
即将内核镜像文件从 PC 中下载到 SDRAM 的指定地址，然后通过 bootm 来引导内核，前提是所用 PC 要安装设 置 tftp 服务。
下载信息：
CRANE2410 # tftp 0x30008000 zImage
TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110 Filename 'zImage'.
Load address: 0x30008000
Loading: #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################
done
Bytes transferred = 913880 (df1d8 hex)
4.2.9 bootm
内核的入口地址开始引导内核。
CRANE2410 # bootm 0x30008000
## Booting image at 30008000 ... Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux......................................................................
done, .
4.2.10 go
直接跳转到可执行文件的入口地址，执行可执行文件。
CRANE2410 # go 0x30008000
## Starting application at 0x30008000 ...
4.2.11 cmp
对输入的两段内存地址进行比较。
CRANE2410 # cmp 0x30008000 0x30008040 64
word at 0x30008000 (0xe321f0d3) != word at 0x30008040 (0xc022020c) Total of 0 words were the same
CRANE2410 # cmp 0x30008000 0x30008000 64
Total of 100 words were the same
4.2.12 coninfo
打印所有控制设备和信息，例如
-List of available devices:
-serial 80000003 SIO stdin stdout stderr
4.2.13 cp
内存拷贝，cp 源地址 目的地址 拷贝大小（字节）
CRANE2410 # help cp
cp [.b, .w, .l] source target count ANE2410 # cp 0x30008000 0x3000f000 64
4.2.14 date
获得/设置/重设日期和时间
CRANE2410 # date
Date: 2006-6-6 (Tuesday) Time: 06:06:06
4.2.15 erase(F)
擦除 FLASH MEMORY, 由于该 ARM 板没有 Nor Flash, 所有不支持该命令.
CRANE2410 # help erase erase start end
- erase FLASH from addr 'start' to addr 'end' erase start +len
- erase FLASH from addr 'start' to the end of sect w/addr 'start'+'len'-1 erase N:SF[-SL]
- erase sectors SF-SL in FLASH bank # N erase bank N
- erase FLASH bank # N erase all
- erase all FLASH banks
4.2.16 flinfo(F)
打印 Nor Flash 信息, 由于该 ARM 板没有 Nor Flash, 所有不支持该命令.
4.2.17 iminfo
打印和校验内核镜像头, 内核的起始地址由 CFG_LOAD_ADDR 指定:
#define CFG_LOAD_ADDR 0x30008000 /* default load address */
该宏在 include/configs/crane2410.h 中定义.
CRANE2410 # iminfo
## Checking Image at 30008000 ...
Image Name: Linux-2.6.14.1
Created: 2006-06-28 7:43:01 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 1047080 Bytes = 1022.5 kB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008040 Verifying Checksum ... OK
4.2.18 loadb
从串口下载二进制文件
CRANE2410 # loadb
## Ready for binary (kermit) download to 0x30008000 at 115200 bps...
## Total Size = 0x00000000 = 0 Bytes
## Start Addr = 0x30008000
4.2.19 md
显示指定内存地址中的内容
|
CRANE2410 |
# md 0 |
|
|||
|
00000000: |
ea000012 |
e59ff014 |
e59ff014 |
e59ff014 |
................ |
|
00000010: |
e59ff014 |
e59ff014 |
e59ff014 |
e59ff014 |
................ |
|
00000020: |
33f80220 |
33f80280 |
33f802e0 |
33f80340 |
..3...3...3@..3 |
|
00000030: |
33f803a0 |
33f80400 |
33f80460 |
deadbeef |
...3...3`..3.... |
|
00000040: |
33f80000 |
33f80000 |
33f9c0b4 |
33fa019c |
...3...3...3...3 |
|
00000050: |
e10f0000 |
e3c0001f |
e38000d3 |
e129f000 |
..............). |
|
00000060: |
e3a00453 |
e3a01000 |
e5801000 |
e3e01000 |
S............... |
|
00000070: |
e59f0444 |
e5801000 |
e59f1440 |
e59f0440 |
D.......@...@... |
|
00000080: |
e5801000 |
e59f043c |
e3a01003 |
e5801000 |
....<........... |
|
00000090: |
eb000051 |
e24f009c |
e51f1060 |
e1500001 |
Q.....O.`.....P. |
|
000000a0: |
0a000007 |
e51f2068 |
e51f3068 |
e0432002 |
....h ..h0... C. |
|
000000b0: |
e0802002 |
e8b007f8 |
e8a107f8 |
e1500002 |
. ............P. |
|
000000c0: |
dafffffb |
e51f008c |
e2400803 |
e2400080 |
..........@...@. |
|
000000d0: |
e240d00c |
e51f0094 |
e51f1094 |
e3a02000 |
..@.......... .. |
|
000000e0: |
e5802000 |
e2800004 |
e1500001 |
dafffffb |
. ........P..... |
|
000000f0: |
eb000006 |
e59f13d0 |
e281f000 |
e1a00000 |
................ |
4.2.20 mm
顺序显示指定地址往后的内存中的内容,可同时修改,地址自动递增。
|
CRANE2410 30008000: 30008004: 30008008: |
# mm 0x30008000 e1a00000 ? fffff e1a00000 ? eeeeee e1a00000 ? q |
|
||
|
CRANE2410 30008000: |
# md 30008000 000fffff 00eeeeee |
e1a00000 |
e1a00000 |
................ |
|
30008010: |
e1a00000 e1a00000 |
e1a00000 |
e1a00000 |
................ |
|
30008020: |
ea000002 016f2818 |
00000000 |
000df1d8 |
.....(o......... |
|
30008030: |
e1a07001 e3a08000 |
e10f2000 |
e3120003 |
.p....... ...... |
4.2.21 mtest
简单的 RAM 检测 CRANE2410 # mtest
Pattern FFFFFFFD Writing... Reading...
4.2.22 mw
向内存地址写内容
CRANE2410 # md 30008000
30008000: ffffdffd ffffdffc ffffdffb ffffdffa ................
CRANE2410 # mw 30008000 0 4 CRANE2410 # md 30008000
30008000: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................
4.2.23 nm
修改内存地址, 地址不递增 CRANE2410 # nm 30008000 30008000: de4c457f ? 00000000
30008000: 00000000 ? 11111111
30008000: 11111111 ?
4.2.24 printenv
打印环境变量 CRANE2410 # printenv bootdelay=3 baudrate=115200
ethaddr=01:23:45:67:89:ab ipaddr=10.0.0.110 serverip=10.0.0.1 netmask=255.255.255.0 stdin=serial stdout=serial
stderr=serial
Environment size: 153/65532 bytes
4.2.25 ping
ping 主机
CRANE2410 # ping 10.0.0.1
host 10.0.0.1 is alive
4.2.26 reset
复位 CPU
4.2.27 run
运行已经定义好的 U-BOOT 的命令 CRANE2410 # set myenv ping 10.0.0.1 CRANE2410 # run myenv
host 10.0.0.1 is alive
4.2.28 saveenv(F)
保存设定的环境变量
4.2.29 setenv
设置环境变量
CRANE2410 # setenv ipaddr 10.0.0.254 CRANE2410 # printenv ipaddr=10.0.0.254
4.2.30 sleep
命令延时执行时间
CRANE2410 # sleep 1
4.2.31 version
打印 U-BOOT 版本信息 CRANE2410 # version
U-Boot 1.1.4 (Jul 4 2006 - 12:42:27)
4.2.32 nand info
打印 nand flash 信息 CRANE2410 # nand info
Device 0: Samsung K9F1208U0B at 0x4e000000 (64 MB, 16 kB sector)
4.2.33 nand device <n>
显示某个 nand 设备 CRANE2410 # nand device 0
Device 0: Samsung K9F1208U0B at 0x4e000000 (64 MB, 16 kB sector)
... is now current device
4.2.34 nand bad
CRANE2410 # nand bad Device 0 bad blocks:
4.2.35 nand read
nand read InAddr FlAddr size
InAddr: 从 nand flash 中读到内存的起始地址。 FlAddr: nand flash 的起始地址。
size: 从 nand flash 中读取的数据的大小。
CRANE2410 # nand read 0x30008000 0 0x100000
NAND read: device 0 offset 0, size 1048576 ... 1048576 bytes read: OK
4.2.36 nand erease
nand erase FlAddr size
FlAddr: nand flash 的起始地址
size: 从 nand flash 中擦除数据块的大小
CRANE2410 # nand erase 0x100000 0x20000
NAND erase: device 0 offset 1048576, size 131072 ... OK
4.2.37 nand write
nand write InAddr FlAddr size
InAddr: 写到 Nand Flash 中的数据在内存的起始地址 FlAddr: Nand Flash 的起始地址
size: 数据的大小
CRANE2410 # nand write 0x30f00000 0x100000 0x20000
NAND write: device 0 offset 1048576, size 131072 ... 131072 bytes written: OK
4.2.37 nboot
u-boot-1.1.4 代码对于 nboot 命令的帮助不正确，修改如下:
正确的顺序为：
nboot InAddr dev FlAddr InAddr: 需要装载到的内存的地址。
FlAddr: 在 nand flash 上 uImage 存放的地址 dev: 设备号
需要提前设置环境变量，否则 nboot 不会调用 bootm CRANE2410 #setenv autostart yes CRANE2410 # nboot 30008000 0 100000
Loading from device 0: <NULL> at 0x4e000000 (offset 0x100000) Image Name: Linux-2.6.14.3
Created: 2006-07-06 7:31:52 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 897428 Bytes = 876.4 kB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008040
Automatic boot of image at addr 0x30008000 ...
## Booting image at 30008000 ... Starting kernel ...
