华为ensp的安装和使用

去年学完了Cisco的路由交换,从CCNA学到CCIE。学完之后才发现,整个国内市场好像更倾向于使用华为、H3C这类国有网络设备厂商。不过还好,至少网络的基础理论知识是相同的,于是买了基本关于HUAWEI认证的书籍,准备稍稍过一遍,有了思科的学习经历,对应华为而言应该不难,那么开始吧!

华为认证体系

华为和思科一样拥有一整套的认证体系。

操作系统

有过思科学习经历的都知道思科的实验大部分都是在GNS3中进行的,虽然思科官方有packet tracer,但是能通过packet tracer做出来的实验非常少,只能模拟CCNA阶段的实验,我是特别喜欢GNS3,因为他具备跨平台性,基本思科的实验都是在Linux上完成,搭配IOU,无需通过虚拟机获取镜像非常省资源。 那么华为也有自己的模拟器,叫做ENSP,目前最新的版本是1.2.00.360。华为的操作系统叫VRRP(Versatile Routing Platform),它是整个华为数通产品的通用网络操作系统。

1.获取模拟器的方式:

http://support.huawei.com/enterprise/toolsinfo?lang=zh&idAbsPath=0602_ROOT&pid=0602_ROOT&show=showVDetail&toolId=TL1000000015

2.启动路由器

启动路由器和通过gns3拖拽路由器或者交换机设备启动是一样的方式,如图拖拽设备后通过线缆连接 然后选择菜单栏的启动按钮即可启动设备

3.启动界面

启动完成后,就进入了配置路由器的界面了,和思科一样,华为的管理型网络设备的配置都是在命令行模式下进行。

VRRP各模式下的切换

启动设备后我们可以通过命令在各个模式下切换和配置,与思科基本思路是一样的,但仍有些差异,下面简单看下与思科对比最基本的配置命令

1.调出当前模式下所能使用的命令,在命令行中按?号键即可看到。

<Huawei>?
User view commands:
  arp-ping               ARP-ping
  autosave               <Group> autosave command group
  backup                 Backup  information
  cd                     Change current directory 
  clear                  <Group> clear command group
  clock                  Specify the system clock
  cls                    Clear screen
  compare                Compare configuration file
  copy                   Copy from one file to another 
  debugging              <Group> debugging command group
  delete                 Delete a file 
  dialer                 Dialer
  dir                    List files on a filesystem 
  display                Display information
  factory-configuration  Factory configuration
  fixdisk                Try to restory disk 
  format                 Format file system
  free                   Release a user terminal interface
  ftp                    Establish an FTP connection
  help                   Description of the interactive help system
  hwtacacs-user          HWTACACS user
  license                <Group> license command group
  lldp                   Link Layer Discovery Protocol
  ---- More ----

2.切换到特权模式,暂且这样叫吧,用思科习惯了!都是一个意思,可以使用简写如:sys,或者输入完整的system-view。一般没事谁愿意不偷懒谁是傻瓜。

<Huawei>sys 
<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]

3.进入接口,配置IP地址

(1)我们首先需要知道连接的接口是什么?单击菜单栏的显示所有接口显示出来。

(2)然后,我们开始配置,第一步,进入接口,不记得的单词可以按?号显示哦!

[Huawei]int 
[Huawei]interface ?
  Bridge-if         Bridge-if interface
  Cellular          Cellular interface
  Dialer            Dialer interface
  Eth-Trunk         Ethernet-Trunk interface
  GigabitEthernet   GigabitEthernet interface
  Ima-group         ATM-IMA interface
  LoopBack          LoopBack interface
  MFR               MFR interface
  Mp-group          Mp-group interface
  NULL              NULL interface
  Tunnel            Tunnel interface
  Virtual-Ethernet  Virtual-Ethernet interface
  Virtual-Template  Virtual-Template interface
  Vlanif            Vlan interface
  Wlan-Ess          Wlan-Ess interface
[Huawei]interface g 
[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

(3)配置IP,华为这块做的比较人性化,子网可以采用CIDR的方式去简写。

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24
Oct 17 2015 07:34:36-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol 
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

(4)退出接口模式

Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

4.修改设备名称,使用sysname去命名,比如我们现在的交换机在杭州市福地机房A1楼层B9机房C09机柜第48U上,我们可以这样缩写。方便我们定位设备位置,以便于设备出现故障我们能够快速知道故障设备去进行排查。

[Huawei]sysname HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48
[HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48]

5.查看设备版本,思科是show,华为是display。

HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48]display version 
Huawei Versatile Routing Platform Software
VRP (R) software, Version 5.130 (AR2200 V200R003C00)
Copyright (C) 2011-2012 HUAWEI TECH CO., LTD
Huawei AR2220 Router uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 0 hour, 14 minutes
BKP 0 version information: 
1. PCB      Version  : AR01BAK2A VER.NC
2. If Supporting PoE : No
3. Board    Type     : AR2220
4. MPU Slot Quantity : 1
5. LPU Slot Quantity : 6

MPU 0(Master) : uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 0 hour, 14 minutes
MPU version information : 
1. PCB      Version  : AR01SRU2A VER.A
2. MAB      Version  : 0
3. Board    Type     : AR2220
4. BootROM  Version  : 0

6.修改时间,我们使用clock timezone 设置时区,使用clock datetime设置时间。

<HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48>clock timezone BJ add 08:00:00
<HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48>clock datetime 7:41:50 2015-10-17

7.设置标题信息

如果需要在登录路由器提供警告信息,我们可以设置header login为登录标题,header shell 可以设置登录成功后标题文本信息为"Warning, do not touch this device"。 HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48]header login information "hello" [HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48]header shell information "Warning, do not touch this device" [ [HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48]quit quit

  Configuration console exit, please press any key to log on

Warning, do not touch this device
<HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48>

8.查看配置信息display current-configuration 查看当前设备的配置信息。

[HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48]display current-configuration 
[V200R003C00]
#
 sysname HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48
 header shell information "Warning, do not touch this device"
 header login information "Warning, do not touch this device"
#
 snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000
 snmp-agent 
#
 clock timezone BJ add 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#
 drop illegal-mac alarm
#
 set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
aaa 
 authentication-scheme default
 authorization-scheme default
 accounting-scheme default
 domain default 
 domain default_admin 
 local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#<0`8bmE3Uw}%$%$
 local-user admin service-type http
#
firewall zone Local
  ---- More ----

9.查看接口配置信息

[HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48]display interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2015-10-17 07:34:36 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500
Internet Address is 1.1.1.1/24
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 00e0-fc0e-79a9
Last physical up time   : 2015-10-17 07:24:45 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2015-10-17 07:24:37 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2015-10-17 07:48:45+08:00
Port Mode: FORCE COPPER
Speed : 1000,  Loopback: NONE
Duplex: FULL,  Negotiation: ENABLE
Mdi   : AUTO
Last 300 seconds input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Input peak rate 0 bits/sec,Record time: -
Output peak rate 96 bits/sec,Record time: 2015-10-17 07:34:45

Input:  0 packets, 0 bytes
  Unicast:                  0,  Multicast:                   0
  Broadcast:                0,  Jumbo:                       0
  Discard:                  0,  Total Error:                 0

  CRC:                      0,  Giants:                      0
  Jabbers:                  0,  Throttles:                   0
  Runts:                    0,  Symbols:      
  ---- More ----  Ignoreds:                 0,  Frames:       

Output:  1 p
  ---- More ----  Unicast:                  0,  Multicast:                   0
  Broadcast:                1,  Jumbo:        
  ---- More ----  Discard:                  0,  Total Error:  

  Collisions:               0,  ExcessiveColli
  ---- More ----  Late Collisions:          0,  Deferreds:        ---- More ----    Input bandwidth utilization thr
    Output bandwidth utilization threshold: 100.00%
    Input bandwidth util
  ---- More ----    Output bandwidth utilization :    0%

10.保存配置,华为路由器以及H3C路由器报错配置需要在普通模式下操作。

<HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
<HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48>

11.查看当前路由器所有接口的简单信息。

[HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              1.1.1.1/24           up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     

12.查看路由表信息

HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 7        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   1.1.1.1         GigabitEthernet0
/0/0
        1.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0
/0/0
      1.1.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0
/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48]

13.ping直连接口

[HZ-FD-A1-B9-C09-48]ping 1.1.1.2
  PING 1.1.1.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 1.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=90 ms
    Reply from 1.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 1.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 1.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 1.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 1.1.1.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/40/90 ms

14.抓包,单击路由器右键选择数据包

以上是关于华为路由器的简单配置。当然,华为和H3C的配置几乎一模一样,学完华为H3C信手拈来。

posted @ 2015-12-09 10:59  阿文Linux  阅读(4418)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报