总结:C++ STL 容器

STL的叫法是“容器”,标准库里面容器不多,数组、链表、红黑树,实现都不负责thread safe、mutable之类,对比下Java的,选择很多,也挺混乱。。

序列容器:动态数组vector,双端队列deque(本质是动态数组加索引),链表list。
关联容器:set,map,multiset,multimap,bitset(叫bit_array更合适)。
容器适配器:stack,queue,priority_queue。

除了bitset,都用到模板,声明大概是这样的:
STL Standard Containers,点击加号展开!

STL Container Adaptors,点击加号展开!

C++是注重效率的,所以STL很强调一点就是amortized的性能,下面的表很不错,还可以用来速查: 

Sequence containers

Associative containers

Headers

<vector>

<deque>

<list>

<set>

<map>

<bitset>

Members

complex

vector

deque

list

set

multiset

map

multimap

bitset

constructor

*

constructor

constructor

constructor

constructor

constructor

constructor

constructor

constructor

destructor

O(n)

destructor

destructor

destructor

destructor

destructor

destructor

destructor

operator=

O(n)

operator=

operator=

operator=

operator=

operator=

operator=

operator=

operators

iterators

begin

O(1)

begin

begin

begin

begin

begin

begin

begin

end

O(1)

end

end

end

end

end

end

end

rbegin

O(1)

rbegin

rbegin

rbegin

rbegin

rbegin

rbegin

rbegin

rend

O(1)

rend

rend

rend

rend

rend

rend

rend

capacity

size

*

size

size

size

size

size

size

size

size

max_size

*

max_size

max_size

max_size

max_size

max_size

max_size

max_size

empty

O(1)

empty

empty

empty

empty

empty

empty

empty

resize

O(n)

resize

resize

resize

element access

front

O(1)

front

front

front

back

O(1)

back

back

back

operator[]

*

operator[]

operator[]

operator[]

operator[]

at

O(1)

at

at

modifiers

assign

O(n)

assign

assign

assign

insert

*

insert

insert

insert

insert

insert

insert

insert

erase

*

erase

erase

erase

erase

erase

erase

erase

swap

O(1)

swap

swap

swap

swap

swap

swap

swap

clear

O(n)

clear

clear

clear

clear

clear

clear

clear

push_front

O(1)

push_front

push_front

pop_front

O(1)

pop_front

pop_front

push_back

O(1)

push_back

push_back

push_back

pop_back

O(1)

pop_back

pop_back

pop_back

observers

key_comp

O(1)

key_comp

key_comp

key_comp

key_comp

value_comp

O(1)

value_comp

value_comp

value_comp

value_comp

operations

find

O(log n)

find

find

find

find

count

O(log n)

count

count

count

count

count

lower_bound

O(log n)

lower_bound

lower_bound

lower_bound

lower_bound

upper_bound

O(log n)

upper_bound

upper_bound

upper_bound

upper_bound

equal_range

O(log n)

equal_range

equal_range

equal_range

equal_range

unique members

capacity
reserve

splice
remove
remove_if
unique
merge
sort
reverse

set
reset
flip
to_ulong
to_string
test
any
none

 

Container Adaptors

Headers

<stack>

<queue>

Members

stack

queue

priority_queue

constructor

*

constructor

constructor

constructor

capacity

size

O(1)

size

size

size

empty

O(1)

empty

empty

empty

element access

front

O(1)

front

back

O(1)

back

top

O(1)

top

top

modifiers

push

O(1)

push

push

push

pop

O(1)

pop

pop

pop


set、map一般会实现成红黑树,这就是它的模板声明里面不需要一个类似Equal_to之类的functor来判断找到Key没有的原因:它调用两次Compare来判断等于。要是不用排序这个特性,只看效率搜索树一般比不过哈希表。
还有一点STL里面iterator是一等公民,主要为了很多算法的效率和封装统一接口,但全是iterator我个人觉得用起来有点不舒服。。

C++0x里面会有基于哈希表的unordered_xxx系列(就是现在很多实现里面的hash_xxx),tuple(Variadic templates等登场。
C++ TR1 Containers,点击加号展开!

最后,除了容器,<algorithm>也是STL中很重要的部分,其实STL最初做出来是想秀泛型算法的。。
Java里面java.util.Collections类做类似的事情。



References:
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/stl/
http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/table_of_contents.html
http://www.stlchina.org/
http://www.stlchina.org/documents/EffectiveSTL/index.html
posted @ 2008-06-28 22:41  VeryDxZ  阅读(789)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报