Python-爬虫-requests
简介
#介绍:使用requests可以模拟浏览器的请求,比起之前用到的urllib,requests模块的api更加便捷(本质就是封装了urllib3) #注意:requests库发送请求将网页内容下载下来以后,并不会执行js代码,这需要我们自己分析目标站点然后发起新的request请求 #安装:pip3 install requests #各种请求方式:常用的就是requests.get()和requests.post() >>> import requests >>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events') >>> r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'}) >>> r = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put', data = {'key':'value'}) >>> r = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete') >>> r = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get') >>> r = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')
1、GET请求
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# 1、无参数实例 import requests ret = requests.get( 'https://github.com/timeline.json' ) print ret.url print ret.text # 2、有参数实例 import requests payload = { 'key1' : 'value1' , 'key2' : 'value2' } ret = requests.get( "http://httpbin.org/get" , params = payload) print ret.url print ret.text |
向 https://github.com/timeline.json 发送一个GET请求,将请求和响应相关均封装在 ret 对象中。
2、POST请求
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# 1、基本POST实例 import requests payload = { 'key1' : 'value1' , 'key2' : 'value2' } ret = requests.post( "http://httpbin.org/post" , data = payload) print ret.text # 2、发送请求头和数据实例 import requests import json url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint' payload = { 'some' : 'data' } headers = { 'content-type' : 'application/json' } ret = requests.post(url, data = json.dumps(payload), headers = headers) print ret.text print ret.cookies |
向https://api.github.com/some/endpoint发送一个POST请求,将请求和相应相关的内容封装在 ret 对象中。
3、其他请求
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requests.get(url, params = None , * * kwargs) requests.post(url, data = None , json = None , * * kwargs) requests.put(url, data = None , * * kwargs) requests.head(url, * * kwargs) requests.delete(url, * * kwargs) requests.patch(url, data = None , * * kwargs) requests.options(url, * * kwargs) # 以上方法均是在此方法的基础上构建 requests.request(method, url, * * kwargs) |
requests模块已经将常用的Http请求方法为用户封装完成,用户直接调用其提供的相应方法即可
Practice
import requests import re ''' 请求方式:get、post、put… 参数:params、headers、proxies、cookies、data ''' rsp=requests.get("https://www.hellobi.com/") ck=requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(rsp.cookies) title=re.compile("<title>(.*?)</title>",re.S).findall(rsp.text) hd={"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"} px={"http":"http://127.0.0.1:8888", "https":"http://127.0.0.1:8888",} rsp=requests.get("https://www.hellobi.com/",proxies=px,headers=hd,cookies=ck) key={"wd":"韦玮", } rsp=requests.get("http://www.baidu.com/s",headers=hd,cookies=ck,params=key) title=re.compile("<title>(.*?)</title>",re.S).findall(rsp.text) postdata={"name":"测试账号", "pass":"测试密码"} rsp=requests.post("http://www.iqianyue.com/mypost/",data=postdata)