《Microsoft SQL Server 2008 MDX Step by Step》学习笔记八:执行聚合(下)
SQL Server 2008中SQL应用系列及BI笔记系列--目录索引
导读:本文介绍执行聚合(Aggregation)的进阶内容,包括:
■1、使用Max和Min函数
■2、在集中对元组计数
■3、DistinctCount函数
■4、使用Generate浏览集合
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1、求最大最小值
与SQL类似,MDX也提供了名称相同的两个函数:Min(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms145600.aspx)
Max(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms145601.aspx)
准备一个原始例子
例7-12
SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Subcategory].[Subcategory].Members} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;
下面我们增加Max函数
例7-13
WITH
MEMBER [Measures].[Max Sales By Subcategory] AS
Max(
{[Product].[Subcategory].[Subcategory].Members},
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])
)
SELECT
{
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]),
([Measures].[Max Sales By Subcategory])
} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Subcategory].[Subcategory].Members} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;
结果如下:
进一步,我们可以再动态计算均值与最大值的比
例7-14
WITH
MEMBER [Measures].[Percent of Max] AS
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]) /
([Measures].[Max Sales By Subcategory])
,FORMAT_STRING="Percent"
MEMBER [Measures].[Max Sales By Subcategory] AS
Max(
{[Product].[Subcategory].[Subcategory].Members},
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])
)
SELECT
{
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]),
([Measures].[Percent of Max])
} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Subcategory].[Subcategory].Members} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;
2、在集合中对元组计数(Counting Tuples in Sets)
与SQL类似,MDX也使用Count(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms146026.aspx)来计数,不过Count函数的参数可以是维度、集、层次结构级别和元组(Tuple)。
例7-15
SELECT
{
([Measures].[Internet Sales Amount]),
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])
} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;
注意结果中有很多null,使用Count加Exists
例7-5
WITH
MEMBER [Measures].[Products By Category] AS
Count(
EXISTING {[Product].[Product].[Product].Members}
)
SELECT
{([Measures].[Products By Category])} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Category].Members} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;
结果:
Count也可以进行条件过滤
例7-17
WITH
MEMBER [Measures].[Products] AS
Count(
EXISTING {[Product].[Product].[Product].Members}
)
MEMBER [Measures].[Reseller Products] AS
Count(
Filter(
EXISTING {[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]) >=
([Measures].[Internet Sales Amount])
)
)
SELECT
{
([Measures].[Products]),
([Measures].[Reseller Products])
} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Category].Members} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;
加上ExcludeEmpty关键字
例7-18
WITH
MEMBER [Measures].[Products] AS
Count(
EXISTING {[Product].[Product].[Product].Members}
)
MEMBER [Measures].[Reseller Products] AS
Count(
Filter(
EXISTING {[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]) >=
([Measures].[Internet Sales Amount])
),
EXCLUDEEMPTY
)
SELECT
{
([Measures].[Products]),
([Measures].[Reseller Products])
} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Category].Members} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;
注意:例7-17和7-18结果并没有什么差异,然而,这是因为EXCLUDEEMPTY标志符使用当前度量来计算集中的元组。关于当前度量的概念,有后面的表达式高级介绍中会继续学习。
3、DistinctCount函数
MDX也提供了一个额外的计数函数,DistinctCount(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms146033.aspx)
Count((Distinct{Set}),ExcludeEmpty)与DistinctCount({Set})相当
4、使用Generate浏览集合
Generate(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms145526.aspx),其实是计算并集。
例7-19
WITH
MEMBER [Measures].[Products] AS
Count(
EXISTING {[Product].[Product].[Product].Members}
)
MEMBER [Measures].[Products List] AS
Generate(
EXISTING {[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
[Product].[Product].CurrentMember.Name,
" | "
)
SELECT
{
([Measures].[Products]),
([Measures].[Products List])
} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Subcategory].Members} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;
执行结果:
小结:本文是聚合函数的进阶,介绍了Min和Max函数,Count函数与DistinctCount函数,Generate函数。
下文将继续学习层次结构(Hierarchies)。
参考资源:
1、MDX官方教程(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms145506.aspx)