一个Excel导入SQL server的例子(分别使用游标、CTE、master..spt_values实现)
有人提问如下:
这个是Excel的,比如是test.xls
欠费年份 欠费开始月份 欠费结束月份 应缴金额(月租)
2001 9 12 94.4
2008 5 12 88.8
2010 8 12 90.4
___________________________________________
这个是表:比如是a表
a(pk,int,not null) //主键,自动增长
b(varchar(19),null) //费款所属期
c(decimal(10,2),null) //应缴金额___________________________________________
现在我要将test.xls中的数据导入到a表,从开始月份到结束月份要做循环导入,比如第一条2001年的从9月到12月要录入4条数据到a表,导入后的格式如:
select * from a
a b c
1 2001-09 94.4
2 2001-10 94.4
3 2001-11 94.4
4 2001-12 94.4
数据库是:MS Sql server 2008
解析:
思路一:可以使用OpenRowset查询导入到表变量中,再用游标循环赋值。方法如下:
use testdb2 go /*******************建立测试数据***3w@live.cn***********************/ IF NOT OBJECT_ID('[TBTest]') IS NULL DROP TABLE [TBTest] GO CREATE TABLE [TBTest]( [tid] int identity(1,1) primary key, [date] NVARCHAR(20) null, [Money] decimal(10,2) null) go /*******************启用Ad Hoc Distributed Queries***3w@live.cn***********************/ --------USE master --------go --------sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1 --------GO ------------reconfigure ----------启用分布式查询 Ad Hoc Distributed Queries --------sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries', 1 --------GO --------reconfigure --------go use testdb2 go /*******************定义表变量***3w@live.cn***********************/ Declare @TableVar table (PKId int primary key identity(1,1) ,RYear int not null,BMonth int not null ,EMonth int not null,RMoney Decimal(15,2) not null ) insert into @TableVar (RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney) select * from OpenRowSet('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:/test/test20110501.xls', 'select * from [Sheet1$]') ----select RYear,BMonth,EMonth,RMoney from @TableVar ------update @TableVar ------SET d1=cast( ------Cast(RYear as Nvarchar(4))+'-'+cast(BMonth AS nvarchar(2))+'-01' as date) ------, d2=cast( ------Cast(RYear as Nvarchar(4))+'-'+cast(EMonth AS nvarchar(2))+'-01' as date) /*******************第一种方法,用游标***3w@live.cn***********************/ DECLARE @RYear int declare @BMonth int declare @EMonth int declare @RMoney int DECLARE DateDemo_cursor CURSOR FOR select RYear,BMonth,EMonth,RMoney from @TableVar where 1=1 OPEN DateDemo_cursor FETCH NEXT FROM DateDemo_cursor INTO @RYear,@BMonth,@EMonth,@RMoney WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN --修改记录 while(@EMonth-@BMonth>=0) begin insert INTO [TBTest] SELECT TOP 1 cast(RYear AS nvarchar(4))+'-'+ CASE WHEN (@BMonth<10) THEN '0'+cast(@BMonth AS nvarchar(2)) ELSE cast(@BMonth AS nvarchar(2)) END, Rmoney from @TableVar where Ryear=@RYear SET @BMonth=@BMonth+1 end --修改结束 FETCH NEXT FROM DateDemo_cursor into @RYear,@BMonth,@EMonth,@RMoney END CLOSE DateDemo_cursor DEALLOCATE DateDemo_cursor GO SELECT * FROM [TBTest]
查询结果:
tid date Money
1 2001-09 94.40
2 2001-10 94.40
3 2001-11 94.40
4 2001-12 94.40
5 2008-05 88.80
6 2008-06 88.80
7 2008-07 88.80
8 2008-08 88.80
9 2008-09 88.80
10 2008-10 88.80
11 2008-11 88.80
12 2008-12 88.80
13 2010-08 90.40
14 2010-09 90.40
15 2010-10 90.40
16 2010-11 90.40
17 2010-12 90.40
*/
评价:该方法使用了最传统的方法,思路清晰。但没有体现SQL server 2008的语法特性,略显繁琐。
思路二:可否使用CTE实现?(KillKill提供)
/*******************第二种方法,用CTE,适用于sql2005/2008/2008 r2*********/ /***************************************3w@live.cn***********************/ TRUNCATE table [TBTest] go Declare @TableVar table (PKId int primary key identity(1,1) ,RYear int not null,BMonth int not null ,EMonth int not null,RMoney Decimal(15,2) not null ); insert into @TableVar(RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney) select * from OpenRowSet('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:/test/test20110501.xls', 'select * from [Sheet1$]');
with seq as (select top 12 row_number() over (order by object_id) val from sys.objects) select cast(t.RYear AS nvarchar(4))+'-'+ CASE WHEN (t.BMonth+seq.val<10) THEN '0'+cast(t.BMonth+seq.val AS nvarchar(2)) ELSE cast(t.BMonth+seq.val AS nvarchar(2)) END ,RMoney c from @TableVar t inner join seq on t.BMonth+seq.val <= EMonth;
思路三:可否使用SQL Server 2008新提供的Merge实现?
思路四:使用NPOI在业务层实现数据转换。
思路五:用Master..spt_values表实现(由小F提供)
利用该表,可获取一定区间内的列表,最长不超过2048,如
select number from master..spt_values where type='P' and number between 1 and 5 /* number 1 2 3 4 5 */
因为月份最多12,不超过2048,因此可以利用 master..spt_values。
/*******************第五种方法,用master..spt_values,适用于sql2005/2008/2008 r2*********/ /***************************************3w@live.cn***********************/ Declare @TableVar table (PKId int primary key identity(1,1) ,RYear int not null,BMonth int not null ,EMonth int not null,RMoney Decimal(15,2) not null ----,d1 date null,d2 Date null ); insert into @TableVar (RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney) select * from OpenRowSet('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:/test/test20110501.xls', 'select * from [Sheet1$]'); select tid=row_number()over(order by getdate()),ltrim(RYear)+'-'+ltrim(right(100+number,2)) as date, b.RMoney as money from master..spt_values a, @TableVar b where number between BMonth and EMonth and type='p'
思路六:使用SSIS实现
希望有更多思路分享!