HTML5本地存储——IndexedDB(二:索引)
在HTML5本地存储——IndexedDB(一:基本使用)中介绍了关于IndexedDB的基本使用方法,很不过瘾,这篇我们来看看indexedDB的杀器——索引。
熟悉数据库的同学都知道索引的一个好处就是可以迅速定位数据,提高搜索速度,在indexedDB中有两种索引,一种是自增长的int值,一种是keyPath:自己指定索引列,我们重点来看看keyPath方式的索引使用.
创建索引
我们可以在创建object store的时候指明索引,使用object store的createIndex创建索引,方法有三个参数
- 索引名称
- 索引属性字段名
- 索引属性值是否唯一
function openDB (name,version) { var version=version || 1; var request=window.indexedDB.open(name,version); request.onerror=function(e){ console.log(e.currentTarget.error.message); }; request.onsuccess=function(e){ myDB.db=e.target.result; }; request.onupgradeneeded=function(e){ var db=e.target.result; if(!db.objectStoreNames.contains('students')){ var store=db.createObjectStore('students',{keyPath: 'id'}); store.createIndex('nameIndex','name',{unique:true}); store.createIndex('ageIndex','age',{unique:false}); } console.log('DB version changed to '+version); }; }
这样我们在students 上创建了两个索引
利用索引获取数据
function getDataByIndex(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var index = store.index("nameIndex"); index.get('Byron').onsuccess=function(e){ var student=e.target.result; console.log(student.id); } }
这样我们可以利用索引快速获取数据,name的索引是唯一的没问题,但是对于age索引只会取到第一个匹配值,要想得到所有age符合条件的值就需要使用游标了
游标
在indexedDB中使用索引和游标是分不开的,对数据库熟悉的同学很好理解游标是什么东东,有了数据库object store的游标,我们就可以利用游标遍历object store了。
使用object store的openCursor()方法打开游标
function fetchStoreByCursor(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var request=store.openCursor(); request.onsuccess=function(e){ var cursor=e.target.result; if(cursor){ console.log(cursor.key); var currentStudent=cursor.value; console.log(currentStudent.name); cursor.continue(); } }; }
curson.contine()会使游标下移,知道没有数据返回undefined
index与游标结合
要想获取age为26的student,可以结合游标使用索引
function getMultipleData(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var index = store.index("ageIndex"); var request=index.openCursor(IDBKeyRange.only(26)) request.onsuccess=function(e){ var cursor=e.target.result; if(cursor){ var student=cursor.value; console.log(student.id); cursor.continue(); } } }
这样我们可是使用索引打开一个游标,参数下面会讲到,在成功的句柄内获得游标便利age为26的student,也可以通过index.openKeyCursor()方法只获取每个对象的key值。
指定游标范围
index.openCursor()/
index.openKeyCursor()方法在不传递参数的时候会获取object store所有记录,像上面例子一样我们可以对搜索进行筛选
可以使用key range 限制游标中值的范围,把它作为第一个参数传给openCursor()
或是openKeyCursor()
IDBKeyRange.only(value):只获取指定数据
IDBKeyRange.lowerBound(value,isOpen):获取最小是value的数据,第二个参数用来指示是否排除value值本身,也就是数学中的是否是开区间
IDBKeyRange.upperBound(value,isOpen):和上面类似,用于获取最大值是value的数据
IDBKeyRange.bound(value1,value2,isOpen1,isOpen2):不用解释了吧
获取名字首字母在B-E的student
function getMultipleData(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var index = store.index("nameIndex"); var request=index.openCursor(IDBKeyRange.bound('B','F',false,true
)); request.onsuccess=function(e){ var cursor=e.target.result; if(cursor){ var student=cursor.value; console.log(student.name); cursor.continue(); } } }
完整示例
1 <!DOCTYPE HTML> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <title>IndexedDB</title> 5 </head> 6 <body> 7 <script type="text/javascript"> 8 function openDB (name,version) { 9 var version=version || 1; 10 var request=window.indexedDB.open(name,version); 11 request.onerror=function(e){ 12 console.log(e.currentTarget.error.message); 13 }; 14 request.onsuccess=function(e){ 15 myDB.db=e.target.result; 16 }; 17 request.onupgradeneeded=function(e){ 18 var db=e.target.result; 19 if(!db.objectStoreNames.contains('students')){ 20 var store=db.createObjectStore('students',{keyPath: 'id'}); 21 store.createIndex('nameIndex','name',{unique:true}); 22 store.createIndex('ageIndex','age',{unique:false}); 23 } 24 console.log('DB version changed to '+version); 25 }; 26 } 27 28 function closeDB(db){ 29 db.close(); 30 } 31 32 function deleteDB(name){ 33 indexedDB.deleteDatabase(name); 34 } 35 36 function addData(db,storeName){ 37 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite'); 38 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); 39 40 for(var i=0;i<students.length;i++){ 41 store.add(students[i]); 42 } 43 } 44 45 function getDataByKey(db,storeName,value){ 46 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite'); 47 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); 48 var request=store.get(value); 49 request.onsuccess=function(e){ 50 var student=e.target.result; 51 console.log(student.name); 52 }; 53 } 54 55 function updateDataByKey(db,storeName,value){ 56 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite'); 57 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); 58 var request=store.get(value); 59 request.onsuccess=function(e){ 60 var student=e.target.result; 61 student.age=35; 62 store.put(student); 63 }; 64 } 65 66 function deleteDataByKey(db,storeName,value){ 67 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite'); 68 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); 69 store.delete(value); 70 } 71 72 function clearObjectStore(db,storeName){ 73 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite'); 74 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); 75 store.clear(); 76 } 77 78 function deleteObjectStore(db,storeName){ 79 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'versionchange'); 80 db.deleteObjectStore(storeName); 81 } 82 83 function fetchStoreByCursor(db,storeName){ 84 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); 85 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); 86 var request=store.openCursor(); 87 request.onsuccess=function(e){ 88 var cursor=e.target.result; 89 if(cursor){ 90 console.log(cursor.key); 91 var currentStudent=cursor.value; 92 console.log(currentStudent.name); 93 cursor.continue(); 94 } 95 }; 96 } 97 98 function getDataByIndex(db,storeName){ 99 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); 100 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); 101 var index = store.index("ageIndex"); 102 index.get(26).onsuccess=function(e){ 103 var student=e.target.result; 104 console.log(student.id); 105 } 106 } 107 108 function getMultipleData(db,storeName){ 109 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); 110 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); 111 var index = store.index("nameIndex"); 112 var request=index.openCursor(null,IDBCursor.prev); 113 request.onsuccess=function(e){ 114 var cursor=e.target.result; 115 if(cursor){ 116 var student=cursor.value; 117 console.log(student.name); 118 cursor.continue(); 119 } 120 } 121 } 122 123 var myDB={ 124 name:'test', 125 version:1, 126 db:null 127 }; 128 129 var students=[{ 130 id:1001, 131 name:"Byron", 132 age:24 133 },{ 134 id:1002, 135 name:"Frank", 136 age:30 137 },{ 138 id:1003, 139 name:"Aaron", 140 age:26 141 },{ 142 id:1004, 143 name:"Casper", 144 age:26 145 }]; 146 </script> 147 </body> 148 </html>
最后
有了游标和索引才能真正发挥indexedDB为例,是不是感觉比自定义对象强大方便了很多呢。