第八章 实践 运行代码
-
exec1
代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main()
{
char *arglist[3];
arglist[0] = "ls";
arglist[1] = "-l";
arglist[2] = 0 ;//NULL
printf("* * * About to exec ls -l\n");
execvp( "ls" , arglist );
printf("* * * ls is done. bye");
return 0;
}
-
exec2、exec3运行结果同exec1
-
forkdemo1
代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>
int main()
{
int ret_from_fork, mypid;
mypid = getpid();
printf("Before: my pid is %d\n", mypid);
ret_from_fork = fork();
sleep(1);
printf("After: my pid is %d, fork() said %d\n",
getpid(), ret_from_fork);
return 0;
}
运行结果如下：
-
forkdemo2
代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main()
{
printf("before:my pid is %d\n", getpid() );
fork();
fork();
printf("aftre:my pid is %d\n", getpid() );
return 0;
}运行结果如下：
-
forkdemo3
代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main()
{
int fork_rv;
printf("Before: my pid is %d\n", getpid());
fork_rv = fork(); /* create new process */
if ( fork_rv == -1 ) /* check for error */
perror("fork");
else if ( fork_rv == 0 ){
printf("I am the child. my pid=%d\n", getpid());
exit(0);
}
else{
printf("I am the parent. my child is %d\n", fork_rv);
exit(0);
}
return 0;
}运行结果如下：
-
forkdemo4
代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main()
{
int fork_rv;
printf("Before: my pid is %d\n", getpid());
fork_rv = fork(); /* create new process */
if ( fork_rv == -1 ) /* check for error */
perror("fork");
else if ( fork_rv == 0 ){
printf("I am the child. my pid=%d\n", getpid());
printf("parent pid= %d, my pid=%d\n", getppid(), getpid());
exit(0);
}
else{
printf("I am the parent. my child is %d\n", fork_rv);
sleep(10);
exit(0);
}
return 0;
}运行结果如下：
-
forkgdb
代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int gi=0;
int main()
{
int li=0;
static int si=0;
int i=0;
pid_t pid = fork();
if(pid == -1){
exit(-1);
}
else if(pid == 0){
for(i=0; i<5; i++){
printf("child li:%d\n", li++);
sleep(1);
printf("child gi:%d\n", gi++);
printf("child si:%d\n", si++);
}
exit(0);
}
else{
for(i=0; i<5; i++){
printf("parent li:%d\n", li++);
printf("parent gi:%d\n", gi++);
sleep(1);
printf("parent si:%d\n", si++);
}
exit(0);
}
return 0;
}运行结果如下：
-
psh1
代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MAXARGS 20
#define ARGLEN 100
int execute( char *arglist[] )
{
execvp(arglist[0], arglist);
perror("execvp failed");
exit(1);
}
char * makestring( char *buf )
{
char *cp;
buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '\0';
cp = malloc( strlen(buf)+1 );
if ( cp == NULL ){
fprintf(stderr,"no memory\n");
exit(1);
}
strcpy(cp, buf);
return cp;
}
int main()
{
char *arglist[MAXARGS+1];
int numargs;
char argbuf[ARGLEN];
numargs = 0;
while ( numargs < MAXARGS )
{
printf("Arg[%d]? ", numargs);
if ( fgets(argbuf, ARGLEN, stdin) && *argbuf != '\n' )
arglist[numargs++] = makestring(argbuf);
else
{
if ( numargs > 0 ){
arglist[numargs]=NULL;
execute( arglist );
numargs = 0;
}
}
}
return 0;
}运行结果如下：
-
psh2
代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#define MAXARGS 20
#define ARGLEN 100
char *makestring( char *buf )
{
char *cp;
buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '\0';
cp = malloc( strlen(buf)+1 );
if ( cp == NULL ){
fprintf(stderr,"no memory\n");
exit(1);
}
strcpy(cp, buf);
return cp;
}
void execute( char *arglist[] )
{
int pid,exitstatus;
pid = fork();
switch( pid ){
case -1:
perror("fork failed");
exit(1);
case 0:
execvp(arglist[0], arglist);
perror("execvp failed");
exit(1);
default:
while( wait(&exitstatus) != pid )
;
printf("child exited with status %d,%d\n",
exitstatus>>8, exitstatus&0377);
}
}
int main()
{
char *arglist[MAXARGS+1];
int numargs;
char argbuf[ARGLEN];
numargs = 0;
while ( numargs < MAXARGS )
{
printf("Arg[%d]? ", numargs);
if ( fgets(argbuf, ARGLEN, stdin) && *argbuf != '\n' )
arglist[numargs++] = makestring(argbuf);
else
{
if ( numargs > 0 ){
arglist[numargs]=NULL;
execute( arglist );
numargs = 0;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
运行结果如下：
-
testbuf1、2
代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
printf("hello");
fflush(stdout);
while(1);
}运行结果如下：
-
testbuf3
代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
fprintf(stdout, "1234", 5);
fprintf(stderr, "abcd", 4);
}运行结果：
-
testpid
代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
int main()
{
printf("my pid: %d \n", getpid());
printf("my parent's pid: %d \n", getppid());
return 0;
}运行结果：
-
testpp
代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char **pp;
pp[0] = malloc(20);
return 0;
}
运行结果如下：
-
testsystem
代码如下：
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
system(argv[1]);
system(argv[2]);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
} /* ---------- end of function main ---------- */
运行结果如下：
-
waitdemo1
代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define DELAY 4
void child_code(int delay)
{
printf("child %d here. will sleep for %d seconds\n", getpid(), delay);
sleep(delay);
printf("child done. about to exit\n");
exit(17);
}
void parent_code(int childpid)
{
int wait_rv=0; /* return value from wait() */
wait_rv = wait(NULL);
printf("done waiting for %d. Wait returned: %d\n",
childpid, wait_rv);
}
int main()
{
int newpid;
printf("before: mypid is %d\n", getpid());
if ( (newpid = fork()) == -1 )
perror("fork");
else if ( newpid == 0 )
child_code(DELAY);
else
parent_code(newpid);
return 0;
}运行结果如下：
-
waitdemo2
代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define DELAY 10
void child_code(int delay)
{
printf("child %d here. will sleep for %d seconds\n", getpid(), delay);
sleep(delay);
printf("child done. about to exit\n");
exit(27);
}
void parent_code(int childpid)
{
int wait_rv;
int child_status;
int high_8, low_7, bit_7;
wait_rv = wait(&child_status);
printf("done waiting for %d. Wait returned: %d\n", childpid, wait_rv);
high_8 = child_status >> 8; /* 1111 1111 0000 0000 */
low_7 = child_status & 0x7F; /* 0000 0000 0111 1111 */
bit_7 = child_status & 0x80; /* 0000 0000 1000 0000 */
printf("status: exit=%d, sig=%d, core=%d\n", high_8, low_7, bit_7);
}
int main()
{
int newpid;
printf("before: mypid is %d\n", getpid());
if ( (newpid = fork()) == -1 )
perror("fork");
else if ( newpid == 0 )
child_code(DELAY);
else
parent_code(newpid);
}运行结果如下：
