SQL好习惯:编写支持可搜索的SQL
2012-08-31 08:26 Mike.Jiang 阅读(1196) 评论(2) 编辑 收藏 举报1 概述
最近维护系统时,客户经常反馈这样一个内容:要在查询列表上加上一个查询条件。这样的要求一点也不过分,并且看起来工作量也不大,不就是加一个WHERE条件嘛,但是当调试到DAL层时,立刻石化——遇到在SELECT子句中编写子查询的SQL,
SELECT SO.order_no,(SELECT SUM(SOD.good_num) FROM [StockOrderDetails] AS SOD WHERE SOD.order_id=SO.id) AS order_num FROM [StockOrder] AS SO
这样的写法缺点如下:
1>order_num不能在SELECT中继续使用
2>order_num不能在WHERE子句中使用(SELECT中的子查询不能在WHERE中使用)
3>性能问题
这里我们主要讨论第二点:order_num不能在WHERE子句中使用
2 为什么order_num不能在WHERE子句中使用?
因为SELECT语句执行的过程是:
1>. FROM
2>. WHERE
3>. GROUP BY
4>. HAVING
5>. SELECT
6>. ORDER BY
WHERE子句在SELECT子句之前执行,所以在SELECT中的列别名,WHERE中当然是不会认识的。
3.示例
业务:采购订单查询列表,需要显示订单的主信息,并且还要显示每一个订单的总的采购数量;
测试数据:
不支持可搜索的SQL:
SELECT SO.order_no,(SELECT SUM(SOD.good_num) FROM [StockOrderDetails] AS SOD WHERE SOD.order_id=SO.id) AS order_num FROM [StockOrder] AS SO
支持可搜索的SQL:
SELECT SO.order_no,ISNULL(SOD.order_num,0) AS order_num FROM [StockOrder] AS SO LEFT JOIN ( SELECT order_id,SUM(good_num) AS order_num FROM [StockOrderDetails] GROUP BY order_id ) AS SOD ON SO.id=SOD.order_id WHERE SOD.order_num>=8
当子查询相当复杂时,可以用WITH AS(子查询部分)来替换 LEFT JOIN部分:
;WITH StockOrderD AS( SELECT order_id,SUM(good_num) AS order_num FROM [StockOrderDetails] GROUP BY order_id ) SELECT SO.order_no,ISNULL(SOD.order_num,0) AS order_num FROM [StockOrder] AS SO LEFT JOIN StockOrderD AS SOD ON SO.id=SOD.order_id WHERE SOD.order_num>=8
4 总结
总得来说就是将过程性的思维转换为集合的思维。
本篇文章主要写给刚开始正式写SQL的朋友,在开发时注意一些SQL的写法,可以添加更多的灵活性,降低维护阶段的工作量。