新闻组上的TCPIP资源列表
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Copyright: (c) 1996-2003 Uri Raz
Maintainer: Uri Raz <uriraz@private.org.il>
Last-modified: 24/Sep/2003
Archive-Name: internet/tcp-ip/resource-list
URL: http://www.private.org.il/tcpip_rl.html
This posting contains a list of various resources (books, web sites,
FAQS, newsgroups, and useful net techniques) intended to help a newbie
to learn about the TCP/IP suite of protocols.
This article is available as a web page at :
Primary indexed copy - http://www.private.org.il/tcpip_rl.html
Secondary indexless copy - http://www.faqs.org/faqs/internet/tcp-ip/resource-list/index.html
This article is available via FTP at :
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-group/news.answers/internet/tcp-ip/resource-list
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/comp/protocols/tcp-ip/TCP_IP_Resources_List
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* *
* If you have any comments, addition suggestions, corrections, etc, *
* to the article itself, please send them to me by email. *
* My email address is mailto:uriraz@private.org.il *
* *
* There are plenty of copies of this article on the web. Please do not *
* create another one, as when the copies go out of date all the *
* requests to remove dead links, add new links, fix typos, etc which I *
* already did in the latest version go to me. *
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* If you have any questions about TCP/IP in general, which are not *
* directly related to this article, please post them to an appropriate *
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1. Books About TCP/IP and networking.
-------------------------------------
1.1 Paper books.
----------------
Richard Stevens' TCP/IP illustrated.
Published by Addison-Wesley.
Volume 1 - describes the TCP/IP protocols.
ISBN 0201633469
Volume 2 - describes the TCP/IP stack as implemented in 4.4BSD-Lite,
at the source code level.
ISBN 020163354X
Volume 3 - describes HTTP, NNTP, and more.
ISBN 0201634953
Richard Stevens' UNIX Network Programming.
Published by Prentice Hall.
Described here is the 2nd edition of the book.
The 1st edition (ISBN 0139498761) will be sold until the third
volume of of the 2nd edition will be out.
Volume 1 - "Networking APIs: Sockets and XTI".
Describes UNIX network programming in & out, including
a lot of code examples, covering IPv4 & IPv6, sockets
and XTI, TCP & UDP, raw sockets, programming techniques,
multicasting & broadcasting, and what not. The best
TCP/IP programming book around, IMHO.
ISBN 013490012X
Volume 2 - "Interprocess Communications".
ISBN 0130810819
Volume 3 - "Applications"
Name is probable, to be published.
Due to Richard Steven's death on Sep 1st 1999,
I'm in the dark regarding this volume's future.
I have sent a query to Prentice-Hall, and will
update the text accordingly.
Douglas Comer's Internetworking with TCP/IP.
Published by Prentice-Hall.
Volume 1 - describes the TCP/IP protocols, architecture and principles.
ISBN 0132169878
Volume 2 - describes a TCP/IP implementation (with C code),
implemented on the XINU operating system.
ISBN 0131255274
Volume 3 - describes network programming, and has a sockets version
(ISBN 013260969X), a TLI version (ISBN 0132609770),
and a winsock version (ISBN 0138487146)
Internet Core Protocols
By Eric A. Hall
Published by O'Reilly
ISBN 1565925726
This book, subtitled "An Owner's Manual for the Internet", does
a very good work of explaining the core protocols - IP, ICMP,
IGMP & multicasting, UDP, and TCP. The detailed explanations
are accompanied by sample packet decodes (a lite version of
the decoding is available on the accompanying CD).
Microsoft Windows 2000 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference
By Thomas Lee and Joseph Davies
Published by Microsoft Press
ISBN 0735605564
This book does to MS-Windows 2000 what Stevens' books did to Unix.
It explains IP from ground up, starting with LAN & WAN protocols,
through ARP, IP, ICMP, IGMP, TCP & UDP, and up to the application
layer. Everything is explained with diagrams and explanations of
how are the protocols work on MS-Windows 2000.
Effective TCP/IP Programming - 44 Tips to Improve Your Network Programs
By Jon C. Snader
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201615894
This book is a must book for new sockets applications writers.
The book gives the basics of TCP/IP for programmers, rather than
from an academical point of view, giving effective tips, techniques,
and whole programs in C to assist network programmers in writing
solid networking programs.
TCP/IP Explained
By Philip Miller
Published by Digital Press
ISBN 1555581668
A fine book about TCP/IP, covering all the layers, starting with an
overview of the lowest 2 OSI layers, through IP(+ICMP), UDP, TCP,
routing (RIP + OSPF + EGP + BGP), broadcasting and multicasting,
DNS, SNMP, several apps (FTP, Telnet, SMTP, ...), with chapters
about IPv6 and Internet Security. The book is readable, with lots
of diagrams and packet trace decodes. Some points missing, such
as TCP congestion avoidance.
Troubleshooting TCP/IP - Analyzing the Protocols of the Internet
By Mark A. Miller
Published by M & T Books
ISBN 1558514503
A good troubleshooting guide, with good explanations of most
protocols, starting from network layer, through ARP, DNS, routing,
and up to the applications, including SMTP, FTP, and TELNET.
Coverage includes SNMP, ATM, IPv6. Case studies, included for
every subject, include sniffer output and explanations.
High-Speed Networks: TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles
By William Stallings
Published by Prentice-Hall
ISBN 0135259657
This book explains how to design high-speed networks (ATM, 100 Mbps &
Gbps ethernet) intended to carry high volume data (WWW, still images,
video on demand, etc). Coverage includes explanation of ATM and Fast &
Gigabit Ethernet, the mathematical background needed for performance
analysis, traffic management (IP & ATM), routing, and compression.
TCP/IP: Architecture, Protocols, and Implementation with IPv6 and IP Security
By Sidnie Feit
Published by McGraw-Hill
ISBN 0070213895
This book covers TCP/IP in one volume, starting from the physical
layer, through IP, UDP & TCP, the various applications (WWW, mail, etc)
to network management.
SNMP, SNMPv2, SNMPv3, and RMON1 and RMON2
By William Stallings
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201485346
An encyclopedic book about SNMP & RMON. Covers the material in
depth and clarity, giving good background of the subject.
SNMP - A Guide to Network Management
By Dr. Sidnie Feit
Published by McGraw-Hill
ISBN 0070203598
A thorough, though a bit dated, book about SNMP. Covers SNMP(v1)
and SNMPv2 clearly with all the details, which is handy for
actually managing a network with SNMP.
Networking with Microsoft TCP/IP
By Drew Heywood
Published by New Riders
ISBN 1562057138
An excellent book about management of Microsoft Windows TCP/IP
networks, starting from the basics of explaining networking technologies,
through installation of TCP/IP on DOS and all MS Windows versions,
routing, managing (DHCP, WINS, DNS), troubleshooting, IIS & FrontPage.
TCP/IP Network Administration
By Craig Hunt
Published by O'Reilly
ISBN 1565923227
An excellent book about management of TCP/IP networks, covering
every subject that needed, including DNS, routing, sendmail,
configuring, and trouble-shooting. This book is UNIX oriented.
Networking Personal Computers with TCP/IP - Building TCP/IP Networks
By Craig Hunt
Published by O'Reilly
ISBN 1565921232
A good book about management of TCP/IP networks, which is PC
oriented, covering DOS, Windows, Windows-95, and Windows-NT.
Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 days.
By Timothy Parker
Published by SAM'S Publishing.
ISBN 0672305496
This book is intended for network managers, and gives an overview
of TCP/IP from ground up, in a short schedule.
PPP Design and Debugging
By James Carlson
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201185393
An excellent book about PPP. This compact book is packed with info
about PPP, covering it in both depth and width, covering LCP,
negotiation & authentication, network layer protocols, bandwidth
management, etc, including trace interpretation, C code & pseudo
code, and lots of resources and references.
NOSintro -- TCP/IP over Packet Radio
(An Introduction to the KA9Q Network Operating System)
By Ian Wade
Published by Dowermain
ISBN 1897649002
NOSintro describes in detail how to use Phil Karn's KA9Q Network
Operating System, and is a classic reference work in this area.
It includes full information on how to install & configure KA9Q,
and how to make it work in a packet radio environment.
The book is very well illustrated, with many diagrams & hands-on
examples of keyboard commands.
Extracts from the book are available at http://www.ian.wade.care4free.net/nosintro.htm
IPv6: The New Internet Protocol
By Christian Huitema
Published by Prentice-Hall.
ISBN 0138505055
This book, written by Christian Huitema - a member of the Internet
Architecture Board, gives an excellent description of IPv6, how
it differs from IPv4, and the hows and whys of it's development.
Unix Network Programming
By W. Richard Stevens
Published by Prentice-Hall
ISBN 0139498761
Obsoleted by the second edition, covered above.
Due to Richard Steven's death on Sep 1st 1999,
I'm in the dark regarding this books's future.
I have sent a query to Prentice-Hall, and will
update the text accordingly.
Unix System V. Network Programming
By Steven A. Rago
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201563185
This books gives a good coverage of UNIX network programming.
Though it is centered around SVR4, it covers many subjects,
including STREAMS, TLI, sockets, RPC, and kernel level
communications, including ethernet & SLIP drivers.
The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD Operating System.
By Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels
and John S. Quarterman.
Published by Addison-Wesley.
ISBN 0201549794
This book describes the internals of the 4.4 BSD operating system,
including the Net/2 TCP/IP stack implementation. A good explanation
of the most commonly used implementation of TCP/IP.
Linux Kernel Internals
By M. Beck, H. Bohme, M. Dziadzka, U. Kunitz, R. Magnus,
and D. Verworner.
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201331438
This book describes the internals of the Linux operating system,
version 2.0, with a chapter devoted to the TCP/IP stack.
Windows Sockets Network Programming
By Bob Quinn and Dave Shute
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201633728
An excellent book about winsock programming, with chapters about
porting apps from BSD Unix & sockets, DLLs, debugging, and nice appendice.
The two following books are not directly related to TCP/IP, but are
recommended as good books for windows programmer who write TCP/IP
clients & servers, and are complementary to the above book :
1. Win32 Network Programming
By Ralph Davis
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201489309
This book shows programmers how to build networked apps
using the 32-bit features of Win95 and NT, and includes
a floppy with all the examples' code.
2. Multithreading Applications in Win32
By Jim Beveridge and Robert Wiener
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201442345
This book shows developers how, when and where to use
multi-threading in Win32 applications, and includes a CD-ROM.
Differentiated Services for the Internet
By Kalevi Kilkki
Published by Macmillan Technical Publishing
ISBN 1578701325
An up to date and thorough book about the subject. Covers the
history of the subject, it's rational, and it's working in detail.
Interconnections
Bridges, Routers, Switches, and Internetworking Protocols.
By Radia Perlman
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201634481
The second edition is much expanded over the first edition. It
covers bridging & routing with extensive theory and technical depth.
New material covers VLANs, ATM, WAN multicasting, and the routing
chapter covers not only IP but DECnet, IPX and PNNI as well.
Security is well covered, in contrast to other books on the subject.
Routing in the Internet
By Christian Huitema
Published by Prentice Hall
ISBN 0131321927
A clear and thorough, though a bit dated, book about routing.
Covers all major routing protocols (RIP, OSPF, IGRP & EIGRP, IS-IS,
EGP, BGP3, BGP4 & CIDR), and covers multicast, mobility,
and resource reservation.
Internet Routing Architectures
By Bassam Halabi
Published by Cisco Press
ISBN 1562056522
A clear and through book about interdomain routing network design,
with many clear examples with diagrams. Focuses on BGP4 and is,
naturally, oriented toward Cisco's way of doing it (which is not
much of a limit, considering Cisco's dominance of the routers market).
OSPF, Anatomy of an Internet Routing Protocol
By John T. Moy
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201634724
A great book about OSPF, including it's history, multicast routing,
management, debugging, comparisons to other routing protocols. The
book was written by the author of the OSPF RFCs, who is both a good
author and authorative source of information on the protocol.
A companion book has been published, containing a complete implementation
of an OSPF daemon in C++ on CD-ROM and the text of the book documents the
implementation. I had not seen a copy of the book, but it's details are
OSPF Complete Implementation
By John T. Moy
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201309661
BGP4
By John W. Stewart III
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201379511
A small (<150 pages) book, covering BGP4 in full using clear language
and drawings. The four chapters include an introduction, the protocol,
operations, and extensions (scaling, route flap dampening, authentication,
negotiation, etc).
RIP - An Intra-Domain Routing Protocol
By Gary Scott Malkin
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201433206
Another small (<120 pages) book, covering RIP v1 & v2 in a concise and
clear manner and drawings. The book includes some introductory material,
e.g. topologies and subnets/supernets, three chapters about configuration
(including Nortel & Cisco routers) and troubleshooting, and three chapters
covering the RIP specs & MIB.
Data and Computer Communications
By William Stallings
Published by Prentice-Hall.
ISBN 0024154253
A very good book about computer communications basics.
Includes information about TCP/IP and IPv6.
Computer Networks
By Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Published by Prentice-Hall.
ISBN 0133499456
A very good book about computer communications basics.
Describes communications according to the OSI seven layers model,
but includes information about TCP/IP and IPv6.
Information Warfare and Security
By Dorothy E. Denning
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0201433036
A book covering all aspects of information warfare with clear
explanations and many references. Gives an excellent framework
to Internet security.
1.2 On-line books and magazines.
--------------------------------
Publishers' sites can be found at -
O'Reilly http://www.oreilly.com/
Prentice Hall http://www.prenhall.com/
Addison Wesley http://www.aw.com/
MacMillan http://www.mcp.com/
McGraw-Hill http://www.mcgraw-hill.com/
MIS:Press http://www.mispress.com/ (M & T Books)
New Riders http://www.newriders.com/
You can find many books on the web :
1. Macmillan's Personal Bookshelf
http://www.informit.com/free_library/index.asp</a>
2. National Academy Press's Reading Room
http://www.nap.edu/info/browse.htm
3. The Network Administrators' Guide, by Olaf Kirch.
http://www.ibiblio.org/mdw/LDP/nag/nag.html
4. Computer Networks and Internets, by Douglas E. Comer.
http://www.netbook.cs.purdue.edu/
5. Netizens: An Anthology, by
http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/
ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/doc/misc/acn/netbook/
Books related pages :
1. The Xinu BUG Page at the University of Canberra, Australia.
http://willow.canberra.edu.au/~chrisc/bugs.html
2. List of enhancements to Comer's TCP code by Simon Ilyushchenko
http://simonf.com/tcp/
On-line networking magazines :
1. Network Magazine
http://www.networkmagazine.com/
2. Network Computing
http://www.networkcomputing.com/
3. Data Communications magazine has a collection of technical
tutorials available at it's site, covering such subjects as
ATM, IP, high speed networking, etc.
http://www.networkmagazine.com/Tutorials/
4. First Monday is a journal about the Internet which is published on
the internet, with all it's articles peer-reviewed.
It's archives contain articles about TCP/IP, indexed at
http://www.firstmonday.dk/subjects/technical.html
2. Major On-Line Resources.
---------------------------
2.1 TCP/IP Introductions & Courses.
-----------------------------------
gopher://gopher-chem.ucdavis.edu/11/Index/Internet_aw/
Optimized Engineering Technical Compendium (LANs & IP)
http://www.optimized.com/COMPENDI/
Introduction to TCP/IP
http://pclt.cis.yale.edu/pclt/COMM/TCPIP.HTM
Introduction to the Internet Protocols
http://oac3.hsc.uth.tmc.edu/staff/snewton/tcp-tutorial/
Under the hood of the 'net: An overview of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite,
By Jason Yanowitz.
http://info.acm.org/crossroads/xrds1-1/tcpjmy.html
IP overview, by Cisco.
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/ip.htm
Tech-NIC's technical page
http://www.tech-nic.net/html/technical.html
Thomas's Technical Links
http://www.psp.co.uk/tfl/techlinks.htm
"TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview" from IBM
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/GG243376.html
An Overview of TCP/IP Protocols and the Internet
http://www.garykessler.net/library/tcpip.html
Hedrick-intro to the Internet Protocols
http://oac3.hsc.uth.tmc.edu/staff/snewton/tcp-tutorial/
Von Welch has a network performance page at
http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/People/vwelch/net_perf/
One of the subpages explains TCP windows
http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/People/vwelch/net_perf/tcp_windows.html
Marc Slemko' Path MTU Discovery and Filtering ICMP
http://www.worldgate.com/~marcs/mtu/
Connected: An Internet Encyclopedia
http://www.freesoft.org/CIE/index.htm
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~and1000/CIE/index.htm
Materials on TCP/IP Networking
http://spectral.mscs.mu.edu/NetworksClass/Materials/
Computer Networking and Internet Protocols
By Keith W. Ross and James F. Kurose
http://occ.awlonline.com/bookbind/pubbooks/kurose-ross1/
TCP/IP courses from universities :
0. The Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis
maintains a list of pointers to Internet Engineering
related university courses.
http://www.caida.org/outreach/iec/courses/
1. Dr. Reuven Cohen
Internet Networking
Technion - Israel Institute of Science
http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/Courses/cs236341/
2. Dr. Shlomi Dolev
Computer Communications and Distributed Algorithms
Ben-Gurion University
http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~ccda012/ (slides are in hebrew)
3. Dr. Ofer Hadar
Introduction To Computer Networks
Technion - Israel Institute of Science
http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~cs236334/ (slides are in hebrew)
4. Dr. Arieal Orda
Internet - Architecutre and Protocols
Technion - Israel Institute of Science
http://tiger.technion.ac.il/courses/046000/
5. Dave Hollinger
Network Programming
http://www.cs.rpi.edu/courses/netprog/index.html
6. Prof. Jim Kurose
Computer Networks
http://www-net.cs.umass.edu/cs653/
7. Phil Scott
Data Communications, Computer Networks
http://ironbark.bendigo.latrobe.edu.au/staff/pscott/pscott.home.html
8. David Cyganski
Telecommunications Transmission Technologies
http://bugs.wpi.edu:8080/EE535/
9. S. Keshav
Engineering Computer Networks
http://web.archive.org/web/20011101082505/http://www.cs.cornell.edu/cs519/
10. Prof. Ralph Droms
Purdue University
Computer Networks
http://www.netbook.cs.purdue.edu/cs363/index.html
11. Simon Cleary
RMIT university
Computer Networks and Protocols
http://www.cse.rmit.edu.au/~rdssc/courses/ds454/
12. Phil Scott
La Trobe university
Computer Networks
http://ironbark.bendigo.latrobe.edu.au/subjects/bitcne/
Data Communications
http://ironbark.bendigo.latrobe.edu.au/courses/bcomp/c202/
2.2 Resources for programmers.
------------------------------
The comp.protocols.tcp-ip group has a FAQ, previously maintained by
George V. Neville-Neil, now by Mike Oliver, is located at :
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/faqs/internet/tcp-ip/tcp-ip-faq/
http://www.itprc.com/tcpipfaq/default.htm
http://www.private.org.il/tcpip-faq/default.htm
The sockets programming FAQ, by Vic Metcalfe, is located at :
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/unix-faq/socket
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/unix-faq/socket/index.html
BSD socket programming tutorials
Quick - http://ftp.std.com/homepages/jimf/sockets.html
Intro - http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~bentlema/unix/ipc/ipctut.html
Advanced - http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~bentlema/unix/advipc/ipc.html
Unix Network Programming
http://www-net.cs.umass.edu/ntu_socket/
The Winsock Programmer's FAQ, by Warren Young, is located at :
http://tangentsoft.net/wskfaq/
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/windows/winsock/programmer-faq/index.html
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/windows/winsock/programmer-faq
Al's WinSock Tuning FAQ
http://www.cerberus-sys.com/~belleisl/mtu_mss_rwin.html
The windows-sockets page, by Bob Quinn, is located at :
http://www.sockets.com/
The sockaddr.com - Programming Resources for WinSock site, is located at :
http://www.sockaddr.com/
The Raw IP Networking FAQ, by Thamer Al-Herbish, is available at :
http://www.whitefang.com/rin/
Catalyst's Introduction to TCP/IP Programming
http://www.catalyst.com/support/tutorials/tcpintro/
RPC - Remote Procedure Calls
http://pandonia.canberra.edu.au/OS/l14_1.html
http://www.ja.net/documents/NetworkNews/Issue44/RPC.html
An Introduction to Socket Programming
http://www.uwo.ca/its/doc/courses/notes/socket/index.html
Beej's Guide to Network Programming
http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/~beej/guide/net/
Vijay Mukhi's Winsock Programming page
http://www.vijaymukhi.com/vmis/wsock.htm
Spencer's Socket Site
http://www.lowtek.com/sockets/
2.3 Standards bodies.
---------------------
RFCs (Requests For Comments) are the official standards for the
Internet Protocols. Those are specs, not hands-on manuals.
The RFC index lists the status of each RFC. STD #1 lists which
RFCs a compliant IP stack should implement.
The RFC Editor's home page is http://www.rfc-editor.org/
This is _the_ authorative source for RFCs (which include all
the standards for TCP/IP), FYIs, and other infos about the
internet and TCP/IP. RFC drafts are available for the Internet
Engineering Task Force's site (http://www.ietf.org/).
Five other good places to look for RFCs are -
1. The Kashpureff Family's site, at http://www.kashpureff.org/nic/,
which has a copy of all RFCs and drafts, as well as a search
engine to search for keywords through either RFCs or drafts.
2. The Internet FAQ Consortium site, at http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/,
which has a search engine, indice, RFCs FAQs, etc.
3. By email to rfc-info@isi.edu. to get further info, send a
message with any subject, and with the body having one line,
containing either "help", or "help: ways_to_get_rfcs".
4. The Internet Standards site, which breaks down RFCs by
category (e.g. by application) at http://www.Internet-Standard.com/
5. The RFC Sourcebook, at http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/default0303.htm
The site has an extensive and useful index.
An excellent index of RFCs is available in an appendix in Comer's
first volume, but it is current as of the publishing date only.
Comment : as many people seem to look for RFCs on CD-ROMs,
I list here two titles I know of :
1. Infomagic has a 2 CDs set titled "STANDARDS" which
contains, among other things, all the RFCs & IENs.
2. Walnut-Creek has a CD-ROM titled "Internet Info" which
contains some of the RFCs & IENs, among other stuff.
Network Research Group home page - http://www-nrg.ee.lbl.gov/nrg.html
Internet Engineering Task Force home page - http://www.ietf.org/
Internet Research Task Force home page - http://www.irtf.org/
Internet SOCiety home page - http://www.isoc.org/
Internet Architecture Board home page - http://www.iab.org/
Internet Engineering Steering Group - http://www.ietf.org/iesg.html
Internet Engineering & Planning Group - http://www.iepg.org/
Internet Mail Consortium - http://www.imc.org/
The Generic Top Level Domain
Memorandum of Understanding - http://www.gtld-mou.org/
Internet Ad-Hoc Committee home page - http://www.iahc.org/
ICANN - The Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers - http://www.icann.org/
ICANN Watch - http://www.icannwatch.org/
Open Root Server Confederation - http://www.open-rsc.org/
RFC editor's web page - http://www.rfc-editor.org/
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority home page - http://www.iana.org/
American Registry for Internet Numbers - http://www.arin.net/
Asian Pacific Network Information Centre - http://www.apnic.net/
Resaux IP Europeens Net Coordiantion Centre - http://www.ripe.net/
Overview of the DNS Controversy - http://www.rkey.com/dns/overview.html
The National Telecommunications and Information Administration's
Proposals for Management of Internet Names and Addresses page.
http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/domainname/domainhome.htm
The AlterNIC's home page is http://www.alternic.org/
This site carries RFCs, internet drafts, and materials
relating to freedom of speech, encryption, and more.
2.4 FAQs, newsgroups, and mailing lists.
----------------------------------------
The comp.answers & news.answers newsgroups contain (or at least should)
all FAQ postings for the newsgroups dealing with computers.
The following newsgroups contain discussion related to TCP/IP :
- Newsgroups FAQs are posted periodically to their top-hierarchy
answers newsgroup (e.g. comp.os.vms => comp.answers). Those
groups, along with news.newusers.questions, are great places
to look for FAQs & tips in.
- the comp.protocols hierarchy, which covers various networking
protocols, such as tcp/ip, kermit, and iso.
notice that some TCP/IP related protocols have discussion
groups of their own (e.g. NFS, SNMP, NTP, PPP).
- the comp.dcom hierarchy, including groups that discuss lans,
modems, and ethernet.
- the comp.mail hierarchy, which covers various electronic
mail programs (pine, elm, sendmail, etc).
- The news hierarchy, which covers the various subjects related
to usenet, including the NNTP protocol.
All the newsgroups' FAQs, as well as other introductory documents are
stored at ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/ and at http://www.faqs.org/. A good
introductory to TCP/IP from the site is the file
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/net/internet.text
As the rtfm.mit.edu & faqs.org sites might be heavily loaded, and
as many sites mirror the FAQs archive, it is advisable to search
for FAQs at geographically nearer sites. A list of many mirror sites
(allowing access via FTP, WWW, Gopher, mail, etc) is available at :
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/faqs/news-answers/introduction
A very good TCP/IP Q & A site was brought up by Yegappan Lakshmanan.
The content of the site was reviewed by the readership of the
comp.protocols.tcp-ip newsgroup and can be found at :
http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Vista/8672/network/
The comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc newsgroup has a FAQ,
written by Bernard D. Aboba, which can be found at at :
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ma/mailcom/IBMTCP/ibmtcp.zip
http://www.uni-giessen.de/faq/archiv/ibmpc-tcp-ip-faq.part1-3/
The newsgroup is gated to a mailing list and it is served
by listserv@list.nih.gov, under the name PCIP.
The comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains newsgroup has a FAQ,
maintained by Chris Peckham, which can be found at :
http://www.users.pfmc.net/~cdp/cptd-faq/
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/internet/tcp-ip/domains-faq/
The comp.protocols.ppp FAQ is available at
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/ppp-faq/part1/index.html
http://cs.uni-bonn.de/ppp/part1.html
The comp.protocols.snmp FAQ FAQ is available at
http://www.pantherdig.com/snmpfaq/index.html
ftp://ftp.cs.utwente.nl/pub/src/snmp/
The alt.winsock newsgroup has a FAQ, by Nancy Cedeno Alegria, located at :
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/windows/winsock-faq/index.html
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/windows/winsock-faq
This newsgroup is gated to a mailing list. The mailing list is named
winsock@microdyne.com. The [un]subscribe address is winsock-request@microdyne.com
Info about various TCP/IP protocols originating from UNIX utilities,
such as r-* services, lpd, and talk, can be found in a page I've
written up for the purpose of concentrating the info at a single point.
http://www.private.org.il/mini-tcpip.faq.html
The Amiga TCP/IP FAQ, written by Mike Meyer, is available at
http://users.mentasm.com/~mramiga/faqs/amitcp1.htm
http://users.mentasm.com/~mramiga/faqs/amitcp2.htm
The Amiga Nertworking FAQ, written by Richard Norman, is available at
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/amiga/networking-faq/part1/index.html
The comp.security.firewalls newsgroup has a FAQ, available at
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/firewalls-faq/index.html
http://www.interhack.net/pubs/fwfaq/
There's also a firewalls mailing list,
served by mailto:Majordomo@GreatCircle.com
archived at ftp://ftp.greatcircle.com/pub/firewalls/archive/
There's a Searchable Check Point FireWall-1 discussion archive
site (other mailing lists archived as well).
http://search.securepoint.com/index.php
There's a free firewalls site,
http://www.free-firewall.org/
Slow start & delayed ack explained
http://www.sun.com/sun-on-net/performance/tcp.slowstart.html
Henning Schulzrinne's RTP (Real Time Protocol) site
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/rtp/
Queen's University Real - Time Transport Protocol (QRTP)
http://htm4.ee.queensu.ca:8000/ling/QRTP.html
Two RFCs that can serve as FAQs are :
- RFC #1180 (RFC1180), titled "A TCP/IP Tutorial", is a good
tutorial, with a focus on how an IP packet travels from
source to destination.
- RFC #2151 (FYI30), titled "A Primer On Internet and TCP/IP Tools"
is a good introductory to TCP/IP tools, such as ping, finger, and
traceroute.
3. O/S Specific.
----------------
The Unix Guru Universe's where one could find references to all kinds
of info relating to UNIX, including TCP/IP.
http://www.ugu.com/
The comp.unix.programmer FAQ can be found at :
http://www.erlenstar.demon.co.uk/unix/
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.unix.programmer/faq
There are three great sites for all of MS-Windows's versions, which
cover a lot of info relating to connecting MS-Windows to TCP/IP networks.
The sites are :
http://www.windows.com/
http://www.barkers.org/windows/
http://search.support.microsoft.com/kb/c.asp
There are several good sites for various versions of Unix & Linux
GNU project http://www.gnu.org/
OpenBSD's home page http://www.openbsd.org/
FreeBSD's home page http://www.freebsd.org/
NetBSD's home page http://www.netbsd.org/
Linux's home page http://www.linux.org/
Trinux's home page http://www.trinux.org/
Linux Kernel Archive http://www.kernel.org/
The Linux Router Project, making a floppy sized distribution of Linux
used to build and maintain routers, terminal servers, etc.
http://www.linuxrouter.org/
The Internet Software Consortiumi, a non-profit organization, carries
and supports BIND, DHCP, and INN. The software is supplied for free,
as well as limited support via mailing list. A support contract comes,
naturally, with a fee.
http://www.isc.org/
Erick Engelke's WATTCP MS-DOS TCP/IP stack has a home page
http://www.wattcp.com/
Gisle Vanem has upgraded the WATTCP tcp/ip stack to include
DHCP, RARP, file-based lookup, BSD-compatible API. Supports
several compilers and DOS-extenders. WATT-32 is found at
http://www.bgnett.no/~giva/index.html
Phil Karn's KA9Q (DOS TCP/IP stack) is under Karn's home page.
http://people.qualcomm.com/karn/code/ka9qnos/
Windows and TCP/IP for Internet Access
http://learning.lib.vt.edu/wintcpip/wintcpip.html
Michael Bernardi's MS-DOS Applications for Internet Use FAQ, which
contains a list of TCP/IP stacks & applications for DOS.
ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/doc/ibmpc/dos-apps.txt
http://www.dendarii.demon.co.uk/FAQs/dos-apps.html
Dan Kegel has a page titled "MS-DOS TCP/IP Programming", which
is crammed with links & info about TCP/IP for DOS.
http://www.alumni.caltech.edu/~dank/trumpet/
Information about NetBIOS and NetBEUI can be found at
http://www.s390.ibm.com/bookmgr-cgi/bookmgr.cmd/BOOKS/bk8p7001/CCONTENTS
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/timothydevans/nbf.htm
4. Addresses, subnets, DNS, switching, and routing.
---------------------------------------------------
Understanding IP Addressing: Everything You Ever Wanted To Know
http://www.3com.com/nsc/501302.html
Understanding IP Addressing
http://noc.gate.net/doclib/faqs/help/net.html
The IP Address and Classes
http://www.sangoma.com/fguide.htm
What's A Netmask?
http://www.johnscloset.net/primer/subnet.html
Daryl's TCP/IP Primer
Addressing and Subnetting on the Near Side of the 'Net
http://www.ipprimer.com/
Breeze Through Subnet Masking, by John Lambert, MCSE
http://support.wrq.com/tutorials/tcpip/tcpipfundamentals.html
IP Address Subnetting Tutorial
http://www.ralphb.net/IPSubnet/
IP Subnet Calculations
http://www.swcp.com/~jgentry/topo/unit3.htm
The Subnet Online site
http://www.subnetonline.com/
Al Vokeman's netmask calculator
The calculator is implemented via JavaScript (not CGI),
making it quick, but requires JavaScript supported and enabled.
http://www.telusplanet.net/public/sparkman/netcalc.htm
A CIDR subnet mask calculator can be found at
http://minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au/Gateways/range_check.html
Petteri Kettunen's subnet calculator
http://neko.homeunix.net/~petterik/Subnetting.html
DHCP sites :
1. Ralph Droms' DHCP Resources site
http://www.dhcp.org/
2. Alan Dobkin's DHCP Resources
http://nws.cc.emory.edu/webstaff/alan/net-man/computing/dhcp/
DNS sites :
1. Gary Kessler's Setting Up Your Own DNS
http://www.garykessler.net/library/dns.html
2. The DNS Security Extensions, by Cricket Liu.
http://www.acmebw.com/resources/papers/dnssec.pdf
3. The DNS Resources Directory, an excellent resource, may be found at -
http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/
4. A Microsoft Windows-2000 DNS article by Thomas Lee and Joseph Davies
http://microsoft.com/technet/network/domain.asp
In general
http://www.bind.com/
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/routing.htm
IGRP & EIGRP :
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/igrp.htm
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/103/index.shtml
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/en_igrp.htm
RIP :
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/rip.htm
BGP :
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/459/18.html
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/bgp.htm
http://www.academ.com/nanog/feb1997/BGPTutorial/index.htm
OSPF :
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/104/1.html
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/ospf.htm
Multi Layer Routing :
http://www.watersprings.org/links/mlr/
Multicast routing :
The IP Multicast Initiative home page
http://www.ipmulticast.com/
The Mbone (multicast bone) FAQ
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/internet/mbone-faq.html
Introduction to IP Multicast Routing
http://www.3com.com/nsc/501303.html
A collection of documents explaining multicast routing.
ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/ipmulticast/training/index.html
Merit GateD Consortium
This site contains wealth of information about GateD, including
source distributions, documentation, etc.
http://www.gated.org/
OSPFD Resource Page
This site includes a complete C++ implementation of OSPF. This is
the same implementation that accompanies John T. Moy's book mentioned
earlier in this FAQ.
http://www.ospf.org/
GNU Zebra site
The GBU Zebra project is a router software implementing OSPFv2,
BGP4, RIPv1, and RIPv2. It has a special architecture that differs
from GateD in that it allows to offloads the computation from the
CPU to special ASICs and in it's modularity.
http://www.zebra.org/
"Layer 3 and 4 Switching", article from Performance Computing.
http://web.archive.org/web/20010506172152/www.unixreview.com/articles/1998/9812/9812pp/pp.htm
"IP Switching: Issues and Alternatives,", by R. Jain.
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/talks/ipsw.htm
"IP Switching", course given by Shishir Agrawal.
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-97/ip_switching/index.htm
"L5: A Self Learning Layer 5 Switch", a report from IBM.
http://www.private.org.il/l5.pdf
IPv4 address space consumption :
http://moat.nlanr.net/IPaddrocc/
http://www.caida.org/outreach/resources/learn/ipv4space/
http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/ipv4-address-space
ftp://rs.arin.net/netinfo/ip_network_allocations
5. Misc IP web sites.
---------------------
5.1 Famous persons' web sites.
------------------------------
Richard Stevens' home page http://www.kohala.com/start/
Douglas Comer's home page http://www.cs.purdue.edu/people/comer
Jon C. Snader's home page http://home.netcom.com/~jsnader/
Andrew Tannenbaum's home page http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/
William Stallings's home page http://williamstallings.com/
James Carlson's home page http://carlson-ne.home.attbi.com/
Raj Jain's home page http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/
5.2 IP performance web sites.
-----------------------------
The Public Netperf Homepage is available, courtesy of HP, at
http://www.netperf.org/
Internet Performance Measurement and Analysis Project home page.
http://www.merit.edu/ipma/
Internet Weather Report
http://www3.mids.org/weather/
http://www.internettrafficreport.com/
5.3 General.
------------
Mark Daugherty's TCP/IP page contains IPv4 Datagram Reference Chart
in AutoCad format (.dxf) and as a 9 pages Word document, as well as
lots of other links to such stuff as well known port numbers, FAQs,
ethernet resources, etc, in his home-page.
http://mdaugherty.home.mindspring.com/index.html
http://mdaugherty.home.mindspring.com/tcpip.html [TCP/IP page]
The protocols.com site has posters of many protocols in both HTML
and PDF formats, though the later requires (free) registration.
http://www.protocols.com/pbook/tcpip.htm [HTML posters]
http://www.protocols.com/pbook/pdf/index.html [PDF posters]
The IP Resources web site.
http://ipresources.com
The Firewall.cx web site. The site gives a lot of material about
TCP/IP in general, and does not concentrate on firewalls as it's
name might imply.
http://www.firewall.cx/
The Information Technology Professional's Resource Center contains
plenty of links to networking subjects, including IP, Cisco,
guides, magazines' home pages, networking security, and more.
http://www.itprc.com/
Cisco's site contains a couple of internetworking guides :
A. IP Protocols page
http://cio.cisco.com/warp/public/732/IP/index.html
B. IP Technical Tips page
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/105/
C. Internetworking Technology Overview
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/index.htm
D. Internetwork Design Guide
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/idg4/index.htm
IBM's Austin site contains a couple of TCP/IP guides :
A. TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview
http://www.austin.ibm.com/resource/aix_resource/Pubs/redbooks/htmlbooks/gg243376.04/3376fm.html
B. Accessing the Internet
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/SG242597.html
Wandel & Goltermann have brought up the decodes.com
The site is intended to be a "Resource for Network Protocol Analysis".
http://www.decodes.com/
Info about Ssh (Secure Shell) may be found at :
http://www.ssh.org/
http://www.cs.hut.fi/ssh/
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/computer-security/ssh-faq/index.html
http://www.uni-karlsruhe.de/~ig25/ssh-faq/
Info about SOCKS (secure sockets using proxies / firewalls) -
http://www.socks.nec.com/
ftp://coast.cs.purdue.edu/pub/doc/faq/faq_socks
The MPLS Resource Center.
http://www.mplsrc.com/
The IP xStream site supplies wide & thorough information about
IP Telephony, including news, tutorials, white papaers, etc.
http://www.iptelephony.org/
ADTRAN PPP Internetworking Primer
http://www.alliancedatacom.com/dial-up-point-to-point-technology.htm
Jarle Aase's FTP Protocol Resource Center site may be found at -
http://war.jgaa.com:8080/ftp/
The Network Professionals Resource Center contains links to
many FAQs, computers & networking magazines' home pages, etc.
http://www.inetassist.com/
The Network Management Server carries FAQs, white papers,
free software, etc related to network management.
http://netman.cit.buffalo.edu/
RGB's TCP/IP Whitepapers & Guides
http://www.rgb.co.uk/support/guides/tcpip.htm
Host Name to Latitude/Longitude
http://cello.cs.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/slamm/ip2ll/
Roll Your Own Intranet page
http://www.vijaymukhi.com/vmis/roll.htm
My own IP -> Geographical Location Detective's page
http://www.private.org.il/IP2geo.html
6.0 IPv6 a.k.a IPng.
--------------------
The IP Next Generation site is the first site to visit to get any
information about IPv6, from overviews, through RFCs & drafts, to
implementations (including availability of stacks on various
platforms & source code for IPv6 stacks)
http://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html/ipng-main.html
The UK IPv6 Resource Centre
http://www.cs-ipv6.lancs.ac.uk/
The 6bone Home Page
http://www.6bone.net/
IP Next Generation Overview
http://www.isoc.org/HMP/PAPER/PT1/html/pt1.html.hinden
"IPv6: The New Version of the Internet Protocol", By Steve Deering.
http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/ana97/summaries/deering.html
"IPv6: The Next Generation Internet Protocol", By Gary C. Kessler.
http://www.garykessler.net/library/ipv6_exp.html
IPv6: Next Generation Internet Protocol.
http://www.3com.com/nsc/ipv6.html
The IPv6 organization site.
http://www.ipv6.org/
The IPv6 Forum.
http://www.ipv6forum.com/
For information about the Internet's future :
Internet ][ site - http://www.internet2.org/
Next Generation Internet Initiative - http://www.ngi.gov/
There's an IPv6 mailing list. It's named ipng, and served
by Majordomo@sunroof.eng.sun.com
7.0 Security & IPsec.
---------------------
Internet Security Survey.
http://www.trouble.org/survey/
Phrack Magazine's site.
http://www.phrack.com/
The SKIP site.
http://www.skip.org/
SKIP - Simple Key management for Internet Protocols - encrypts
info at the IP layer, enabling all applications which communicate
via IP (using either TCP or UDP) to benefit from security.
Peter Gutmann's "Security and Encryption-related Resources and Links"
contains a huge collection of links to security sites.
http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/links.html
COAST's Hotlist: Computer Security, Law & Privacy is another huge
collection of links to security & privacy issues.
http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/spaf/hotlists/csec-plain.html
The VPN Labs site provides a wealth of information on VPNs.
http://www.vpnlabs.com/
The FirstVPN site supplies a wealth of information
about Virtual Private Networks and security.
http://www.firstvpn.com/
N. Ferguson and B. Schneier's cryptographic evaluation of IPsec.
http://www.counterpane.com/ipsec.html
IP Masquerade for Linux
http://www.e-infomax.com/ipmasq/
8.3 Layer 2 sites & pages.
--------------------------
The comp.dcom.lans.ethernet FAQ is available at
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/LANs/ethernet-faq/index.html
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/news/answers/LANs/ethernet-faq
Charles Spurgeon's Ethernet Page is at
http://wwwhost.ots.utexas.edu/ethernet/ethernet-home.html
Eddy Insam's article "PC Interfacing Via the Ethernet"
http://www.eix.co.uk/Ethernet/
The comp.dcom.lans.token-ring FAQ is available at
http://www.networkuptime.com/faqs/token-ring/
The comp.dcom.cabling FAQ is available at
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/LANs/cabling-faq/index.html
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-group/comp.dcom.cabling/
The comp.dcom.cell-relay FAQ is available at
http://cell-relay.indiana.edu/cell-relay/FAQ/ATM-FAQ/FAQ.html
The Big-LAN FAQ, created for the big-lan@listserv.syr.edu mailing
list, which discusses "[the] issues in designing and operating
Campus-Size Local Area Networks, ..." is available at
http://www.uni-giessen.de/faq/archiv/lans.big-lan-faq/msg00000.html
The Network Engineer's Toolkit Site
http://www.wanresources.com/
Committee T1's World Wide Web Site
http://www.t1.org/
A page decribing T1 with technical details is
http://www.laruscorp.com/t1tut.htm
The ATM Forum's home page can be found at
http://www.atmforum.com/
The University of Leeds ATM MultiMedia group has a collection of
articles, links, etc about ATM.
http://www.scs.leeds.ac.uk/atm-mm/links.html
The Frame Relay Forum's home page can be found at
http://www.frforum.com/
The Frame Relay Resource Center
http://www.alliancedatacom.com/
The Direct Cable Connection, Null-modem, Serial Ports site explains
how to connect two windows machines to each other using serial or
parallel ports to create a two nodes network.
http://www.indiacam.net/pinout/
Vinod Kalra's HDLC page.
http://members.tripod.com/~vkalra/hdlc.html
The GigaBit Ethernet Alliance home page
http://www.gigabit-ethernet.org/
The Daedalus project at Berkeley deals with wireless
networking and mobile computing, and it's web page
contains links to some articles.
http://daedalus.cs.berkeley.edu/
The Israely ADSL site provides information on ADSL and IP networking
in Herbew for Israelies.
http://www.adsl.org.il/
8.4 General networking sites.
-----------------------------
PC Support Advisor.
A support site which contains sections that deal with TCP/IP, including
some very good articles.
http://www.itp-journals.com/
TechFest's Networking page.
http://www.techfest.com/networking/
A large collection of communication tutorials may be found at
IOL's training page, which has links to materials on TCP/IP,
LAN technologies, programming & administrations manuals, and more.
http://www.iol.unh.edu/training/index.html
3COM has a page containing links to a collection of networking articles.
http://www.3com.com/technology/tech_net/white_papers/index.html
Protocols for WAN, LAN, ATM data communications and telecommunications.
http://www.protocols.com/
An excellent networking index site.
http://www.saintrochtree.com/zones/it/topics/2000-01-01-b/
Oceanwave Technical Resources.
http://www.oceanwave.com/technical-resources/
Rohit's Srivastava's High Speed Networking & Programming page.
http://members.tripod.com/~srohit/compu.html
Network Design Tutorials and Other Resources.
http://www.alaska.net/~research/Net/tutorial.htm
Networking Technologies - Software Toolkits and Documentation
http://www.nsrc.org/lowcost_tools/net-tech.html
Network Troubleshooting site.
http://www.networktroubleshooting.com/
Tomi Engdahl's Telecommunication Electronics Page.
http://junitec.ist.utl.pt/einfo/telecom.html
Standards (and Cross References)
http://www.cmpcmm.com/cc/standards.html
Lynn Larrow's Modems, Networking and Communications Links page.
http://www.internetweekly.org/llarrow/comfaqs.html
Hill Associates IT Technology Training networking articles.
http://www.hill.com/library/staff_publications.shtml
http://www.garykessler.net/library/
Thanks.
-------
I have written this document over the last few years. Yet, I could not
have made this document without the assistance of other people. I would,
therefore, like to thank to Andrew Gierth, Trevor Jenkins, Mark Daugherty,
Michael Hunter, David Peter, Erick Engelke, Jose Carrilho, Jose Carrilho,
Al Vonkeman, Zia R. Siddiqui, Jarle Aase, Daryl Banttari, SecurePoint,
Brian Schwarz, James Marshall, Diane Boling, Gisle Vanem, Jennifer Lazbin,
Enrique Fdez. Rasero, Peter Soreanu, Gary Kessler, Simon Bowring, Thomas
Lee, Eddy Insam, Petteri Kettunen, Harald Norvik, Debby Koren, and Lynn
Larrow who helped me in many ways, and to all the people who worked to
produce all the materials listed in this FAQ.
