BeautifulSoup 使用select方法详解(通过标签名,类名, id,组合,属性查找)
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
blslib="html5lib"
user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36"
headers={"user-agent":user_agent}
def demo1(url):
r=requests.get(url,headers=headers)
print(r.encoding)
data =r.text.encode(r.encoding).decode('gbk')
s =BeautifulSoup(data,blslib)
row=s.select('#newAlexa > table > tbody > tr') //定位到id=#newAlexa下面的table > tbody > tr #定位之间要空格
print(row)
if __name__ =="__main__":
url="http://www.ip138.com/post/"
demo1(url)
1 html = """ 2 <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> 3 <body> 4 <p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> 5 <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were 6 <a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, 7 <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and 8 <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; 9 and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> 10 <p class="story">...</p> 11 """
我们在写 CSS 时,标签名不加任何修饰,类名前加点,id名前加 #,在这里我们也可以利用类似的方法来筛选元素,用到的方法是 soup.select(),返回类型是 list
(1)通过标签名查找
print soup.select('title') #[<title>The Dormouse's story</title>] print soup.select('a') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] print soup.select('b') #[<b>The Dormouse's story</b>]
(2)通过类名查找
print soup.select('.sister') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>]
(3)通过 id 名查找
print soup.select('#link1') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]
(4)组合查找
组合查找即和写 class 文件时,标签名与类名、id名进行的组合原理是一样的,例如查找 p 标签中,id 等于 link1的内容,二者需要用空格分开
print soup.select('p #link1') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]
直接子标签查找
print soup.select("head > title") #[<title>The Dormouse's story</title>]
(5)属性查找
查找时还可以加入属性元素,属性需要用中括号括起来,注意属性和标签属于同一节点,所以中间不能加空格,否则会无法匹配到。
print soup.select("head > title") #[<title>The Dormouse's story</title>] print soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]
同样,属性仍然可以与上述查找方式组合,不在同一节点的空格隔开,同一节点的不加空格
print soup.select('p a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]