一：注意事项
1：android6.0使用蓝牙时，需要开启gps定位权限，不然无法搜索其它蓝牙设备。
二：权限
1：权限配置
<!--允许程序连接到已配对的蓝牙设备-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<!-- 允许程序发现和配对蓝牙设备 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<!--android 6.0 涉及到的权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
<!-- 往SDCard写入数据的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
2：动态权限代码
由于需要用到存储卡，定位等，android6.0以上需要代码动态设置。
a)获取定位设置
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) { boolean isLocat = isLocationOpen(getApplicationContext()); Toast.makeText(mContext, "isLo:" + isLocat, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); //开启位置服务，支持获取ble蓝牙扫描结果 if (!isLocat) { Intent enableLocate = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS); startActivityForResult(enableLocate, 1); } } /** * 判断位置信息是否开启 * * @param context * @return */ private static boolean isLocationOpen(final Context context) { LocationManager manager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); //gps定位 boolean isGpsProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER); //网络定位 boolean isNetWorkProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER); return isGpsProvider || isNetWorkProvider; }
b)存储卡权限设置
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) { int write = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE); int read = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE); //动态请求读写sd卡权限 if (write != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || read != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, SD_CARD); } }
然后通过onRequestPermissionsResult（）方法获取动态权限的结果：
@Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) { switch (requestCode){ case SD_CARD: if(grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ //允许访问 }else{ Toast.makeText(mContext,"您拒绝了程序访问存储卡",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } break; case COARES_LOCATION: break; } }
三：蓝牙搜索
android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter 是蓝牙开发用得比较多，并且比较重要的一个类，可以设备蓝牙名称，打开，关闭，搜索等常规操作。
1 蓝牙打开，以及搜索
蓝牙打开和关闭信息使用BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED去接收广播
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); mBluetoothAdapter.setName("blueTestPhone");
//判断蓝牙是否打开
boolean originalBluetooth = (mBluetoothAdapter != null && mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled());
if (originalBluetooth) {
mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
} else if (originalBluetooth == false) {
mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
}
蓝牙打开后，我们可以获取设备的蓝牙信息
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); //获取本机蓝牙名称 String name = mBluetoothAdapter.getName(); //获取本机蓝牙地址 String address = mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();
搜索完成后，通过BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND广播去接收结果，广播代码如下(注意：可能出现设备搜索不到的情况，设备需要开启允许周围设备搜索，或者通过程序来控制允许搜索的时间范围)
/*确保蓝牙被发现，在荣耀8手机上，设置了还是默认的2分钟，所以以下几句代码程序中没有，*/
Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
//设置可见状态的持续时间为300秒，但是最多是300秒
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BLUETOOTH);
private void initSearchBroadcast() { IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(); //发现设备 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); //设备配对状态改变 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED); //蓝牙设备状态改变 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED); //开始扫描 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED); //结束扫描 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); //其它设备请求配对 intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST); //intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED); registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter); } private BroadcastReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); Logger.e(TAG + "mBluetoothReceiver action =" + action); try { if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)) {//开始扫描 setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true); log1.setText("正在扫描设备，请稍候..."); } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {//结束扫描 Logger.e(TAG + "设备搜索完毕"); setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false); log1.setText("扫描完成"); bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); scanStatus = false; } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {//发现设备 findDevice(intent); } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {//蓝牙配对状态的广播 BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播:" + device.getBondState()); switch (device.getBondState()) { case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING: Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 正在配对......"); break; case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED: Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 完成配对,本机自动配对"); bondDevices.add(device); unbondDevices.remove(device); bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); break; case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE: Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 取消配对"); unbondDevices.add(device); bondDevices.remove(device); unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); default: break; } } else if (action.equals(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST)) {//其它设备蓝牙配对请求 BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //当前的配对的状态 try { String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/"; String deviceName = btDevice.getName(); Logger.e(TAG + "蓝牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state); //1.确认配对，高版本无效,蓝牙配对不是zuk的问题，而是安卓6.0的bug，凡是遇到蓝牙适配问题的，请同时打开蓝牙和定位，再去配对，基本90%都没有问题了。 Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true); //2.终止有序广播,如果没有将广播终止，则会出现一个一闪而过的配对框。 abortBroadcast(); //3.调用setPin方法进行配对... boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED)) {//蓝牙开关状态 // BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); int statue = mBluetoothAdapter.getState(); switch (statue) { case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF: Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙关闭"); ClsUtils.closeDiscoverableTimeout(mBluetoothAdapter); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON: Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙打开"); ClsUtils.setDiscoverableTimeout(1000 * 60, mBluetoothAdapter); scanBluetooth(); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF: Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙正在关闭"); mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON: Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙正在打开"); break; } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } };
//发现设备的代码如下
private void findDevice(Intent intent) throws Exception{
//获取到设备对象
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
String str = device.getName() + "|" + device.getAddress();
Logger.e("扫描到设备：" + str);
if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {//判断当前设备地址下的device是否已经配对
if (!bondDevices.contains(device)) {
bondDevices.add(device);
}
} else {
if (!unbondDevices.contains(device)) {
unbondDevices.add(device);
}
if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
}
}
Log.e("error", "搜索完毕，准备刷新!");
bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
四：蓝牙配对
正常情况下，蓝牙匹配需要弹出一个匹配确认框，如下图,但我想实现的是，匹配其中一方，不能手动点击配对，因为发起蓝牙连接的设备是android设备，是不能触摸的，所以就要通过程序来解决这个问题，特别声明：（测试的android设备，版本为5.x，并且已经root,没有root的设备，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否实现自动匹配，因为我只有这个测试设备）。
1 当我们搜索到目标手机的蓝牙后，android设备主动发起连接请求，代码如下
if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) { boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device); Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus); } //发起蓝牙匹配请求 public boolean createBond(Class btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice) throws Exception { Method createBondMethod = btClass.getMethod("createBond"); Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(btDevice); return returnValue.booleanValue(); }
2 当被匹配方点击配对后，系统会通过BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED广播告诉android设备，此时android设备就可以自动确认，通过这个流程来完成整个蓝牙的配对,具体代码如下
BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //当前的配对的状态 try { String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/"; String deviceName = btDevice.getName(); Logger.e(TAG + "蓝牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state); if(deviceName.equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)){//TEST_DEVICE_NAME 为被匹配蓝牙设备的名称，自己手动定义 Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true); abortBroadcast(); boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } //确认配对 public Object setPairingConfirmation(Class<?> btClass, BluetoothDevice device, boolean isConfirm) throws Exception { Method setPairingConfirmation = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPairingConfirmation", boolean.class); Object object = setPairingConfirmation.invoke(device, isConfirm); return object; } //配对需要调用的方法 public boolean setPin(Class<? extends BluetoothDevice> btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice, String str) throws Exception { try { Method removeBondMethod = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPin", new Class[] {byte[].class}); Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) removeBondMethod.invoke(btDevice, new Object[] {str.getBytes()}); Log.e("returnValue", "" + returnValue); } catch (SecurityException e) { // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return true; }
到目前为止，蓝牙权限，以及动态权限，蓝牙的打开，关闭，搜索，以及自动配对(特别声明：（自动配对的android设备，版本为5.x，并且已经root,没有root的设备，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否实现自动匹配，因为我只有这个测试设备）。)代码至此结束。
下一章：蓝牙通信第2篇:建立通信和发送文字消息，文件消息
demo代码下载：github
