1、任务调度器启动之后(初始化,主要是TCB的初始化),就可以创建任务,开始任务调度了,实际上第一个任务准确的说不是进行任务切换,而是进行启动当前最高优先级任务。uC/OS使用的是OSStartHighRdy
OSStartHighRdy LDR R0, =NVIC_SYSPRI14 ; Set the PendSV exception priority LDR R1, =NVIC_PENDSV_PRI STRB R1, [R0] MOVS R0, #0 ; Set the PSP to 0 for initial context switch call MSR PSP, R0 LDR R0, =NVIC_INT_CTRL ; Trigger the PendSV exception (causes context switch) LDR R1, =NVIC_PENDSVSET STR R1, [R0] CPSIE I
需要解释的是,正是由于是启动第一个任务,所以当前的PSP的值为0(本因该是当前任务的堆栈指针),将该指针置零后才进行任务切换。
2、本来任务切换有两个,一个是任务级任务调度,一个是中断级任务调度,即OSCtxSw和OSIntCtxSw,任务切换就是产生中断,来进行SP的偷梁换柱,中断级任务调度时,就处在中断中,所以没有必要再次产生中断,可以直接偷梁换柱,只要稍作处理即可,但是一般的RTOS为了偷懒,OSIntCtxSw和OSCtxSw是一样的,没有做特殊处理
OSCtxSw LDR R0, =NVIC_INT_CTRL ; Trigger the PendSV exception (causes context switch) LDR R1, =NVIC_PENDSVSET STR R1, [R0] BX LR
OSIntCtxSw LDR R0, =NVIC_INT_CTRL ; Trigger the PendSV exception (causes context switch) LDR R1, =NVIC_PENDSVSET STR R1, [R0] BX LR
3、任务切换的代码就在Pen大SV中断函数中,一般是使用汇编实现,具体如下:
OS_CPU_PendSVHandler CPSID I ; Prevent interruption during context switch MRS R0, PSP ; PSP is process stack pointer CBZ R0, OS_CPU_PendSVHandler_nosave ; Skip register save the first time SUBS R0, R0, #0x20 ; Save remaining regs r4-11 on process stack STM R0, {R4-R11} LDR R1, =OSTCBCurPtr ; OSTCBCurPtr->OSTCBStkPtr = SP; LDR R1, [R1] STR R0, [R1] ; R0 is SP of process being switched out ; At this point, entire context of process has been saved OS_CPU_PendSVHandler_nosave PUSH {R14} ; Save LR exc_return value LDR R0, =OSTaskSwHook ; OSTaskSwHook(); BLX R0 POP {R14} LDR R0, =OSPrioCur ; OSPrioCur = OSPrioHighRdy; LDR R1, =OSPrioHighRdy LDRB R2, [R1] STRB R2, [R0] LDR R0, =OSTCBCurPtr ; OSTCBCurPtr = OSTCBHighRdyPtr; LDR R1, =OSTCBHighRdyPtr LDR R2, [R1] STR R2, [R0] LDR R0, [R2] ; R0 is new process SP; SP = OSTCBHighRdyPtr->StkPtr; LDM R0, {R4-R11} ; Restore r4-11 from new process stack ADDS R0, R0, #0x20 MSR PSP, R0 ; Load PSP with new process SP ORR LR, LR, #0x04 ; Ensure exception return uses process stack CPSIE I BX LR
在上面提到,一开始启动任务时,PSP的值为0,所以在此中断中进行了一次判断(Skip register save the first time),此时是不需要进行现场保护的(R4-R11),否则保护现场之后,改变当前的OSPrioCur,OSTCBCurPtr ,然后恢复即将切换到任务的现场。