⑥ 设计模式的艺术-06.建造者(Builder)模式
场景
我们要建造一个复杂的产品。比如:神州飞船,Iphone。这个复杂的产品的创建。有这样一个问题需要处理:
装配这些子组件是不是有个步骤问题?
实际开发中,我们所需要的对象构建时,也非常复杂,有很多步骤需要处理时。
建造模式的本质
分离了对象子组件的单独构造(由Builder来负责)和装配(由Director负责)。 从而可以构造出复杂的对象。这个模式适用于:某个对象的构建过程复杂的情况下使用。
由于实现了构建和装配的解耦。不同的构建器,相同的装配,也可以做出不同的对象;相同的构建器,不同的装配顺序也可以做出不同的对象。
也就是实现了构建算法、装配算法的解耦,实现了更好的复用。
代码示例
AirShip.java
public class AirShip { private OrbitalModule orbitalModule;//轨道舱 private Engine engine;//发动机 private EscapeTower escapeTower;//逃逸塔 public void launch(){ System.out.println("发射!"); } public OrbitalModule getOrbitalModule() { return orbitalModule; } public void setOrbitalModule(OrbitalModule orbitalModule) { this.orbitalModule = orbitalModule; } public Engine getEngine() { return engine; } public void setEngine(Engine engine) { this.engine = engine; } public EscapeTower getEscapeTower() { return escapeTower; } public void setEscapeTower(EscapeTower escapeTower) { this.escapeTower = escapeTower; } } class OrbitalModule{ private String name; public OrbitalModule(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } } class Engine { private String name; public Engine(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } } class EscapeTower{ private String name; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public EscapeTower(String name) { super(); this.name = name; } }
AirShipBuilder.java
public interface AirShipBuilder { Engine builderEngine(); OrbitalModule builderOrbitalModule(); EscapeTower builderEscapeTower(); }
AirShipDirector.java
public interface AirShipDirector { /** * 组装飞船对象 * @return */ AirShip directAirShip(); }
SxtAirShipBuilder.java
public class SxtAirShipBuilder implements AirShipBuilder { //StringBuilder, 以后学习XML解析中,JDOM库中的类:DomBuilder,SaxBuilder @Override public Engine builderEngine() { System.out.println("构建发动机!"); return new Engine("发动机!"); } @Override public EscapeTower builderEscapeTower() { System.out.println("构建逃逸塔"); return new EscapeTower("逃逸塔"); } @Override public OrbitalModule builderOrbitalModule() { System.out.println("构建轨道舱"); return new OrbitalModule("轨道舱"); } }
SxtAirshipDirector.java
public class SxtAirshipDirector implements AirShipDirector { private AirShipBuilder builder; public SxtAirshipDirector(AirShipBuilder builder) { this.builder = builder; } @Override public AirShip directAirShip() { Engine e = builder.builderEngine(); OrbitalModule o = builder.builderOrbitalModule(); EscapeTower et = builder.builderEscapeTower(); //装配成飞船对象 AirShip ship = new AirShip(); ship.setEngine(e); ship.setEscapeTower(et); ship.setOrbitalModule(o); return ship; } }
Client.java
public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { AirShipDirector director = new SxtAirshipDirector(new SxtAirShipBuilder()); AirShip ship = director.directAirShip(); System.out.println(ship.getEngine().getName()); ship.launch(); } }
开发中应用场景
StringBuilder类的append方法
SQL中的PreparedStatement
JDOM中,DomBuilder、SAXBuilder