OAuth 2.0 授权码请求
关于OAuth 2.0，请参见下面这两篇文章（墙裂推荐）：
纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。理论知识了解以后，最终还是要动手实践，不亲自做一遍永远不知道里面有多少坑。本节的重点是用Spring Security实现授权码模式。
1. maven依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.cjs.example</groupId> <artifactId>cjs-oauth2-code-server</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>cjs-oauth2-code-server</name> <description></description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2</artifactId> <version>2.3.3.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
2. 配置Security
package com.cjs.example.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService; import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager; @Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Override protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { super.configure(auth); // auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("zhangsan").password("$2a$10$qsJ/Oy1RmUxFA.YtDT8RJ.Y2kU3U4z0jvd35YmiMOAPpD.nZUIRMC").roles("USER"); } @Override public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception { super.configure(web); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { super.configure(http); } @Bean @Override protected UserDetailsService userDetailsService() { User.UserBuilder builder = User.builder(); UserDetails user = builder.username("zhangsan").password("$2a$10$GStfEJEyoSHiSxnoP3SbD.R8XRowP1QKOdi.N6/iFEwEJWTQqlSba").roles("USER").build(); UserDetails admin = builder.username("lisi").password("$2a$10$GStfEJEyoSHiSxnoP3SbD.R8XRowP1QKOdi.N6/iFEwEJWTQqlSba").roles("USER", "ADMIN").build(); return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user, admin); } @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); } public static void main(String[] args) { BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); System.out.println(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode("123456")); System.out.println(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode("12345678")); } }
3. 配置授权服务器
package com.cjs.example.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.configurers.ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer; import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableAuthorizationServer; import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configurers.AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer; import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configurers.AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer; @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer security) throws Exception { super.configure(security); } @Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { clients.inMemory() .withClient("my-client-1") .secret("$2a$10$0jyHr4rGRdQw.X9mrLkVROdQI8.qnWJ1Sl8ly.yzK0bp06aaAkL9W") .authorizedGrantTypes("authorization_code", "refresh_token") .scopes("all") .redirectUris("http://www.baidu.com"); } @Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception { super.configure(endpoints); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(new org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.Base64().encodeAsString("my-client-1:12345678".getBytes())); System.out.println(java.util.Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString("my-client-1:12345678".getBytes())); } }
这里客户端的secret是12345678，存储的是加密后的值
4. 启动类
package com.cjs.example; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication.class, args); } }
到目前为止，好像我们就做了两件事情：一、配置用户；二、注册客户端
现在，我们有两个用户（zhangsan和lisi）以及一个已注册的客户端（my-client-1）
接下来，用postman模拟客户端请求获取access_token
5. 协议端点
我们知道，在获取access_token之前需要用户授权，然后返回一个code，最后用code换access_token
在这个过程中涉及到三个服务器端点：授权端点、重定向端点、令牌端点
通过控制台看看启动日志可能会加深理解：
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.0.3.RELEASE)
2018-06-26 09:44:09.575 INFO 6528 --- [ main] c.c.e.CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication : Starting CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication on USER-20170302XK with PID 6528 (E:\cjsworkspace\cjs-oauth2-example\cjs-oauth2-code-server\target\classes started by Administrator in E:\cjsworkspace\cjs-oauth2-example\cjs-oauth2-code-server)
2018-06-26 09:44:09.597 INFO 6528 --- [ main] c.c.e.CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-06-26 09:44:09.762 INFO 6528 --- [ main] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@22635ba0: startup date [Tue Jun 26 09:44:09 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-06-26 09:44:12.931 INFO 6528 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2018-06-26 09:44:12.997 INFO 6528 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
2018-06-26 09:44:12.998 INFO 6528 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.31
2018-06-26 09:44:13.200 INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2018-06-26 09:44:13.200 INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 3448 ms
2018-06-26 09:44:13.379 INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.379 INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.379 INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.379 INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.379 INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] .s.DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'springSecurityFilterChain' to: [/*]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.380 INFO 6528 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Servlet dispatcherServlet mapped to [/]
2018-06-26 09:44:13.529 INFO 6528 --- [ main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/authorize]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.AuthorizationEndpoint.authorize(java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>,java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.String>,org.springframework.web.bind.support.SessionStatus,java.security.Principal)
2018-06-26 09:44:13.530 INFO 6528 --- [ main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/authorize],methods=[POST],params=[user_oauth_approval]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.View org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.AuthorizationEndpoint.approveOrDeny(java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.String>,java.util.Map<java.lang.String, ?>,org.springframework.web.bind.support.SessionStatus,java.security.Principal)
2018-06-26 09:44:13.530 INFO 6528 --- [ main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/token],methods=[POST]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<org.springframework.security.oauth2.common.OAuth2AccessToken> org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.TokenEndpoint.postAccessToken(java.security.Principal,java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.String>) throws org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException
2018-06-26 09:44:13.531 INFO 6528 --- [ main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/token],methods=[GET]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<org.springframework.security.oauth2.common.OAuth2AccessToken> org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.TokenEndpoint.getAccessToken(java.security.Principal,java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.String>) throws org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException
2018-06-26 09:44:13.531 INFO 6528 --- [ main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/check_token]}" onto public java.util.Map<java.lang.String, ?> org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.CheckTokenEndpoint.checkToken(java.lang.String)
2018-06-26 09:44:13.531 INFO 6528 --- [ main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/confirm_access]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.WhitelabelApprovalEndpoint.getAccessConfirmation(java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest) throws java.lang.Exception
2018-06-26 09:44:13.531 INFO 6528 --- [ main] .s.o.p.e.FrameworkEndpointHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/oauth/error]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.endpoint.WhitelabelErrorEndpoint.handleError(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2018-06-26 09:44:13.760 INFO 6528 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-06-26 09:44:14.019 INFO 6528 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@22635ba0: startup date [Tue Jun 26 09:44:09 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-06-26 09:44:14.049 INFO 6528 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2018-06-26 09:44:14.049 INFO 6528 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2018-06-26 09:44:14.062 INFO 6528 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-06-26 09:44:14.063 INFO 6528 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-06-26 09:44:14.103 WARN 6528 --- [ main] ion$DefaultTemplateResolverConfiguration : Cannot find template location: classpath:/templates/ (please add some templates or check your Thymeleaf configuration)
2018-06-26 09:44:14.865 INFO 6528 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-06-26 09:44:14.901 INFO 6528 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2018-06-26 09:44:14.904 INFO 6528 --- [ main] c.c.e.CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication : Started CjsOauth2CodeServerApplication in 6.298 seconds (JVM running for 8.287)
5.1. 授权端点
请求
| 参数名称 | 描述 |
| response_type | 必填。将其值设置为code表示如果成功的话将收到一个授权码。 |
| client_id | 必填。客户端标识。 |
| redirect_uri | 可选。重定向URI虽然不是必须的，但是你的服务应该会需要它。而且，这个URL必须和授权服务端注册的redirect_id一致。 |
| scope | 可选。请求可能会有一个或多个scope值。授权服务器会把客户端请求的范围(scope)展示给用户看。 |
| state | 推荐。state参数用于应用存储特定的请求数据的可以防止CSRF攻击。授权服务器必须原封不动地将这个值返回给应用。 |
例如：
http://localhost:8080/oauth/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=my-client-1&redirect_uri=http://www.baidu.com&scope=all
响应
| 参数名称 | 描述 |
| code | 授权码，稍后用此授权码交换访问令牌 |
| state | 请求时带的state参数 |
例如：
https://www.baidu.com/?code=7Zudn6
5.2. 令牌端点
请求
| 参数名称 | 描述 |
| grant_type | 必填。参数值必须是"authorization_code" |
| code | 必填。之前收到的授权码 |
| redirect_uri | 可能是必填的。如果授权请求的时候有redirect_uri，那么token请求的时候也必须带上这个参数，二者的值必须是一样的。 |
| client_id | 客户端标识，如果没有其它的客户端认证存在的话这个参数是必须的。 |
关于客户端认证补充一点
授权服务器可以通过HTTP Basic Auth方式对客户端进行认证，也可以通过在请求中加一个client_secret参数来对客户端进行认证。
不建议将客户端的secret直接作为参数放到client_secret中，而且这种方式下client_id和client_secret都是必填参数。
特别注意，用户（资源所有者）的用户名和密码跟客户端的用户名和密码（client_id、client_secret）不是一套，它们是两个东西。
那么，通过HTTP Basic Auth如何对客户端进行认证呢？客户端需要怎样传参呢？
需要在请求header中设置Authorization，它的值是Basic + 空格 + Base64加密后的client_id:secret
至于为什么，那是协议要求的，具体可以参考https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2617#page-5，格式如下：
例如：
POST /oauth/token HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Authorization: Basic bXktY2xpZW50LTE6MTIzNDU2Nzg= cache-control: no-cache Postman-Token: baf729b9-f030-41c1-b6fb-d740b0c5c573 User-Agent: PostmanRuntime/7.1.1 Accept: */* Host: localhost:8080 cookie: JSESSIONID=45EAF00C9829B9F569579DB08533D850; UISESSION=2A65FF6FC8C6BE415DE3C043E3EDAAA4 accept-encoding: gzip, deflate content-length: 103 Connection: keep-alive grant_type=authorization_code&code=7Zudn6&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com&client_id=my-client-1
6. 客户端请求
直接在浏览器中输入以下地址，然后会跳到登录授权页面
http://localhost:8080/oauth/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=my-client-1&redirect_uri=http://www.baidu.com&scope=all
上面这两个页面都是默认自带的
授权成功以后重定向
有了授权码以后就可以换取access_token了
这个请求中唯一需要注意的一个参数就是Authorization，这是用于认证客户端的，本例中它是这样算出来的
public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(new org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.Base64().encodeAsString("my-client-1:12345678".getBytes())); System.out.println(java.util.Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString("my-client-1:12345678".getBytes())); }
所以，最终是Basic bXktY2xpZW50LTE6MTIzNDU2Nzg=
到此为止，我们只是获得了access_token，下一节将讲解如何配置资源服务器，以及客户端访问受保护的资源。
另外，本例中关于令牌的存储，以及客户端注册都是在内存中，实际生产过程中肯定是要存储到数据库中的，这一部分以后有时间再写吧！
