npm-package-lock.json
npm notice created a lockfile as package-lock.json. You should commit this file.
https://docs.npmjs.com/files/package-lock.json
Yes. You should add this file to your version control system, i.e. You should commit it.
This file is intended to be committed into source repositories
You can read more about what it is/what it does here:
package-lock.json is automatically generated for any operations where npm modifies either the node_modules tree, or package.json. It describes the exact tree that was generated, such that subsequent installs are able to generate identical trees, regardless of intermediate dependency updates.
https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v6/configuring-npm/package-lock-json
Description
package-lock.json is automatically generated for any operations where npm modifies either the node_modules tree, or package.json. It describes the exact tree that was generated, such that subsequent installs are able to generate identical trees, regardless of intermediate dependency updates.
This file is intended to be committed into source repositories, and serves various purposes:
-
Describe a single representation of a dependency tree such that teammates, deployments, and continuous integration are guaranteed to install exactly the same dependencies.
-
Provide a facility for users to "time-travel" to previous states of
node_moduleswithout having to commit the directory itself. -
To facilitate greater visibility of tree changes through readable source control diffs.
-
And optimize the installation process by allowing npm to skip repeated metadata resolutions for previously-installed packages.
One key detail about package-lock.json is that it cannot be published, and it will be ignored if found in any place other than the toplevel package. It shares a format with npm-shrinkwrap.json, which is essentially the same file, but allows publication. This is not recommended unless deploying a CLI tool or otherwise using the publication process for producing production packages.
If both package-lock.json and npm-shrinkwrap.json are present in the root of a package, package-lock.json will be completely ignored.
引用知乎@周载南的回答
根据官方文档，这个package-lock.json 是在 `npm install`时候生成一份文件，用以记录当前状态下实际安装的各个npm package的具体来源和版本号。
它有什么用呢？因为npm是一个用于管理package之间依赖关系的管理器，它允许开发者在pacakge.json中间标出自己项目对npm各库包的依赖。你可以选择以如下方式来标明自己所需要库包的版本
这里举个例子：
"dependencies": {
"@types/node": "^8.0.33",
},这里面的 向上标号^是定义了向后（新）兼容依赖，指如果 types/node的版本是超过8.0.33，并在大版本号（8）上相同，就允许下载最新版本的 types/node库包，例如实际上可能运行npm install时候下载的具体版本是8.0.35。波浪号
大多数情况这种向新兼容依赖下载最新库包的时候都没有问题，可是因为npm是开源世界，各库包的版本语义可能并不相同，有的库包开发者并不遵守严格这一原则：相同大版本号的同一个库包，其接口符合兼容要求。这时候用户就很头疼了：在完全相同的一个nodejs的代码库，在不同时间或者不同npm下载源之下，下到的各依赖库包版本可能有所不同，因此其依赖库包行为特征也不同有时候甚至完全不兼容。
因此npm最新的版本就开始提供自动生成package-lock.json功能，为的是让开发者知道只要你保存了源文件，到一个新的机器上、或者新的下载源，只要按照这个package-lock.json所标示的具体版本下载依赖库包，就能确保所有库包与你上次安装的完全一样。
原来package.json文件只能锁定大版本，也就是版本号的第一位，并不能锁定后面的小版本，你每次npm install都是拉取的该大版本下的最新的版本，为了稳定性考虑我们几乎是不敢随意升级依赖包的，这将导致多出来很多工作量，测试/适配等，所以package-lock.json文件出来了，当你每次安装一个依赖的时候就锁定在你安装的这个版本。
那如果我们安装时的包有bug，后面需要更新怎么办？
在以前可能就是直接改package.json里面的版本，然后再npm install了，但是5版本后就不支持这样做了，因为版本已经锁定在package-lock.json里了，所以我们只能npm install xxx@x.x.x 这样去更新我们的依赖，然后package-lock.json也能随之更新。
