Nginx基本的安全优化

为了防止nginx出现软件漏洞,我们要对nginx软件服务加强一些安全性,下面就介绍一下基本的安全优化

1、隐藏nginx版本号:

  想要隐藏,首先我们要了解所使用软件的版本号,我们可以在Linux中查看这个版本号,方法如下:

[root@Nginx ~]# curl -I 127.0.0.1          # 查看方法
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: nginx/1.6.3                        # 版本信息:为nginx/1.6.3
Date: Fri, 23 Mar 2018 02:42:46 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 194
Connection: keep-alive
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="brian training"

  当我们在windows上面访问一个不存在的地址就会抛出下面的404错误,也直接的暴露了web服务的版本信息

  这样肯定是不安全的,我们就要把敏感信息隐藏起来

  修改nginx.conf主配置文件(添加红色标记):

worker_processes  1;
error_log logs/error.log;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    server_tokens   off;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
include www_date/brian.conf;
include www_date/brianzjz.conf;
include www_date/status.conf;
}

  server_tokens参数说明:

语法:server_tokens   on | off;    on为开启,off关闭
默认值:server_tokens  on;   为开启状态
位置:http、server、location ; 为server_tokens 参数可存放的位置

  修改完成后检查语法:

[root@Nginx conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx//conf/nginx.conf test is successful

  平滑重启:

[root@Nginx conf]# ../sbin/nginx -s reload

  测试结果:

[root@Nginx conf]# curl -I 127.0.0.1
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: nginx                # 很明显敏感版本号已经隐藏
Date: Fri, 23 Mar 2018 03:01:54 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 188
Connection: keep-alive
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="brian training"

2、修改nginx的版本信息:

  我们上面刚刚只是对敏感的版本号做了隐藏 为了更加的安全我们可以把剩下的nginx也隐藏或者修改,这个就需要去修改nginx的源码了(这个修改是没有参数和入口的),修改方法如下:

  1、首先我们要依次的修改三个源码文件:(注:这里所说的源码文件是没有编译过的文件,就是我们把安装包解压后的原始文件

  文件路径在:

nginx.h文件:路径:/home/nginx/tools/nginx-1.6.3/src/core/nginx.h

ngx_http_header_filter_module.c文件: 路径:/home/nginx/tools/nginx-1.6.3/src/http/ngx_http_header_filter_module.c

ngx_http_special_response.c文件:路径:/home/nginx/tools/nginx-1.6.3/src/http/ngx_http_special_response.c

  2、下面就对每个文件进行修改:

  nginx.h文件原始内容:(只取我们要修改的信息)

[root@Nginx core]# sed -n "13,17p" /home/nginx/tools/nginx-1.6.3/src/core/nginx.h    # 对nginx.h文件取出我们想要的信息
#define NGINX_VERSION      "1.6.3"                                # 版本号
#define NGINX_VER          "nginx/" NGINX_VERSION                      # 软件名
  
#define NGINX_VAR          "NGINX"                                # 软件名
#define NGX_OLDPID_EXT     ".oldbin"

  nginx.h文件修改后的内容:

[root@Nginx core]# sed -n "13,17p" /home/nginx/tools/nginx-1.6.3/src/core/nginx.h 
#define NGINX_VERSION      "10.10.10"
#define NGINX_VER          "Brian/" NGINX_VERSION

#define NGINX_VAR          "Brian"
#define NGX_OLDPID_EXT     ".oldbin"

  ngx_http_header_filter_module.c文件原始内容:(只取我们要修改的内容)

[root@Nginx core]# grep -n 'Server: nginx' /home/nginx/tools/nginx-1.6.3/src/http/ngx_http_header_filter_module.c 
49:static char ngx_http_server_string[] = "Server: nginx" CRLF;                 # 修改最后一个nginx,为我们想要修改的内容

  ngx_http_header_filter_module.c文件修改后内容:

[root@Nginx core]# sed -i  's#Server: nginx#Server: Brian#g' /home/nginx/tools/nginx-1.6.3/src/http/ngx_http_header_filter_module.c    # 修改
[root@Nginx core]# grep -n 'Server: Brian' /home/nginx/tools/nginx-1.6.3/src/http/ngx_http_header_filter_module.c              # 查看结果
49:static char ngx_http_server_string[] = "Server: Brian" CRLF;

  ngx_http_special_response.c文件原始内容:(只取我们要修改的内容)

[root@Nginx core]# sed -n "21,30p" /home/nginx/tools/nginx-1.6.3/src/http/ngx_http_special_response.c 
static u_char ngx_http_error_full_tail[] =
"<hr><center>" NGINX_VER "</center>" CRLF            # 此处要修改
"</body>" CRLF
"</html>" CRLF
;


static u_char ngx_http_error_tail[] =
"<hr><center>nginx</center>" CRLF                 # 此处要修改
"</body>" CRLF

  ngx_http_special_response.c文件修改后内容:

[root@Nginx core]# sed -n "21,30p" /home/nginx/tools/nginx-1.6.3/src/http/ngx_http_special_response.c 
static u_char ngx_http_error_full_tail[] =
"<hr><center>" NGINX_VER "(http://www.cnblogs.com/brianzhu/)</center>" CRLF
"</body>" CRLF
"</html>" CRLF
;


static u_char ngx_http_error_tail[] =
"<hr><center>Brian</center>" CRLF
"</body>" CRLF

  3、修改完成后,我们就可以编译安装了(之前已经编译好的,可以重新编译安装,过程详情:点击这里)

  4、编译完成后,我们就可以检测语法、启动nginx 、测试了:

[root@Nginx nginx]# sbin/nginx -t                                            # 语法检查
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@Nginx nginx]# sbin/nginx                             # 启动
[root@Nginx nginx]# netstat -lntup | grep nginx                   # 检查启动状态
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      31719/nginx: master 

  5、测试:(看最后的显示结果,已经改成我们在源码文件中 修改后的样子了)

 Linux测试:

[root@Nginx conf]# curl -I 127.0.0.1
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: Brian/10.10.10                    # 已经修改成功
Date: Fri, 23 Mar 2018 06:12:59 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 231
Connection: keep-alive
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="brian training" 

3、更改nginx服务的默认用户:

  这里简单的说一下更改默认用户的方法,其目的也是为了保证安全:

  在修改默认用户之前,必须保证用户在系统中存在:

[root@Nginx conf]# useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M          # 创建用户
[root@Nginx conf]# id nginx                          # 检查用户
uid=1000(nginx) gid=1000(nginx) 组=1000(nginx)

  1、编译的时候指定:(在对源码解压后在编译安装的时候指定用户,牵扯到安装的知识了,具体的安装:点击这里)

[root@Nginx nginx-1.6.3]# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/opt/nginx-1.6.3/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

  2、修改配置文件:(修改主配置文件nginx.conf)

[root@Nginx conf]# cat nginx.conf
user  nginx nginx;                        # 添加本行
worker_processes  1;
error_log logs/error.log;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    server_tokens   on;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
include www_date/brian.conf;
include www_date/brianzjz.conf;
include www_date/status.conf;
}

  3、检查效果:

[root@Nginx conf]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root      31719      1  0 14:05 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
nginx     31732  31719  0 14:11 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process

  

 

posted @ 2018-03-23 14:31  Brian_Zhu  阅读(1012)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报