Nginx的location剖析
1、location的作用:
location指令的作用是根据用户的请求的URL来执行不同的应用
2、location的语法:
location [ = | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] uri { ....... }
- location:指令
-
[ = | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] :匹配的标识(在这里面 ‘~’ 用于区分大小写,‘~*’ 不区分大小写,'^~' 是在做完常规检查后不检查正则匹配)
- uri:匹配的网站地址
- {......}:匹配URI后要执行的配置段
3、官方示例:
locarion = / { [ configuration A ] } # 用户访问 / 的时候,匹配configuration A locarion / { [ configuration B ] } # 用户访问 /index.html 的时候,匹配configuration B locarion /documents/ { [ configuration C ] } # 用户访问 /documents/documents.html 的时候,匹配configuration C locarion ^~ /images/ { [ configuration D ] } # 用户访问 /images/1.gif 的时候,匹配configuration D locarion ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ { [ configuration E ] } # 用户访问 /documents/1.gif 的时候,匹配configuration E
4、实战:
以www.brian.com虚拟主机为例,修改brian.conf配置文件:
[root@Nginx www_date]# cat brian.conf server { listen 80; server_name www.brian.com brian.com; root html/brian; location / { return 401; } location = / { return 402; } location /documents/ { return 403; } location ^~ /images/ { return 404; # 匹配任何以/images/开头的查询 } location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ { return 405; # 匹配任何以 gif、jpg、jpeg结尾的请求 } access_log logs/brian.log main gzip buffer=128k flush=5s; }
检查语法:
[root@Nginx conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
平滑重启:
[root@Nginx conf]# ../sbin/nginx -s reload
Linux客户端测试:
[root@Nginx conf]# curl www.brian.com/ # 对应location = / <html> <head><title>402 Payment Required</title></head> # 返回402 <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>402 Payment Required</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.6.3</center> </body> </html> [root@Nginx conf]# curl www.brian.com/index.html # 对应location / <html> <head><title>401 Authorization Required</title></head> # 返回401 <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>401 Authorization Required</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.6.3</center> </body> </html> [root@Nginx conf]# curl www.brian.com/documents/ #对应location /documents/ <html> <head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head> # 返回403 <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.6.3</center> </body> </html> [root@Nginx conf]# curl www.brian.com/images/1.gif # 对应location ^~ /images/ <html> <head><title>404 Not Found</title></head> # 返回404 <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.6.3</center> </body> </html> [root@Nginx conf]# curl www.brian.com/documents/1.gif # 对应location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ <html> <head><title>405 Not Allowed</title></head> # 返回405 <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>405 Not Allowed</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.6.3</center> </body> </html>
朱敬志(brian),成功不是将来才有的,而是从决定去做的那一刻起,持续累积而成。