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python 魔法方法补充(__setattr__,__getattr__,__getattribute__)

python 魔法方法补充


1 getattribute (print(ob.name) -- obj.func())当访问对象的属性或者是方法的时候触发

	class F(object):
	
	    def __init__(self):
	        self.name = 'A'
	
	    def hello(self):
	        print('hello')
	
	    def __getattribute__(self, item):
	        print('获取属性,方法',item)
	        return object.__getattribute__(self,item)
	
	a = F()
	print(a.name)
	a.hello()
	
	
	获取属性,方法 name
	A
	获取属性,方法 hello
	hello

2 getattr 拦截运算(obj.xx),对没有定义的属性名和实例,会用属性名作为字符串调用这个方法

	class F(object):
	    def __init__(self):
	        self.name = 'A'
	
	    def __getattr__(self, item):
	        if item == 'age':
	            return 40
	        else:
	            raise AttributeError('没有这个属性')
	
	f = F()
	print(f.age)
	
	# 40

3 setattr 拦截 属性的的赋值语句 (obj.xx = xx)

class F(object):

    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        self.__dict__[key] = value

a = F()
a.name = 'alex'
print(a.name)

如何自定义私有属性:

class F(object):  # 基类--定义私有属性
    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        if key in self.privs:
            raise AttributeError('该属性不能改变')
        else:
            self.__dict__[key] = value


class F1(F):
    privs = ['age','name']  # 私有属性列表

    # x = F1()
    # x.name = 'egon'  # AttributeError: 该属性不能改变
    # x.sex = 'male'


class F2(F):
    privs = ['sex']      # 私有属性列表
    def __init__(self):
        self.__dict__['name'] = 'alex'

        # y = F2()
        # y.name = 'eva'

getitem , setitem, delitem

class F(object):

	def __getitem__(self,item):
		print(item)

	def __setitem__(self,key,value):
		print(key,value)

	def __delitem__(self,key):
		print(key)


f  = F()

f['b']
f['c'] = 1
del f['a']
posted @ 2018-03-21 16:52  派对动物  阅读(6555)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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