以上下文(Context)的形式创建一个共享数据的容器

在很多情况下我们具有这样的需求:为一组相关的操作创建一个执行上下文并提供一个共享的数据容器,而不是简单地定义一个全局变量,或者将数据通过参数传来传去。这样的上下文一般具有其生命周期,它们在目标操作开始执行的时候被激活,在执行完成之后被回收。该上下文一般不能跨越多个线程,以避免多个线程操作相同的数据容器造成数据的不一致。针对这个需求,我们写了一个非常简单的例子,有兴趣的朋友可以看看。[源代码从这里下载]

目录
一、ExecutionContext的基本编程方式
二、异步调用的问题
三、ExecutionContext
四、DependentExecutionContext
五、ExecutionContextScope

一、ExecutionContext的基本编程方式

我将这个作为数据容器的上下文命名为ExecutionContext,我完全借鉴了TransactionScope的编程方式来设计这个ExecutionContext。如下的代码片段体现了ExecutionContext最基本的编程方式:我们通过ExecutionContextScope 来创建当前ExecutionContext,并且控制它的生命周期。当前ExecutionContext通过静态属性Current获取。我们分别调用GetValue和SaveValue进行上下文数据项的获取和设置。

using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope = new ExecutionContextScope())
{
    //Set
    ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(“ActivityID”, “A001”);
    //Get
    string activityId = ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(“ActivityID”)
}

和TransactionScope一样,ExecutionContextScope 也支持嵌套。具体来说,当我们采用嵌套的ExecutionContextScope 时,有对应着如下三种不同的上下文共享行为:

  • Required: 外层的ExecutionContext直接被内层使用;
  • RequiresNew:内层创建一个全新的ExecutionContext;
  • Suppress:外层的ExecutionContext在内层中使被屏蔽掉,内层的当前ExecutionContext不存在。

如下的代码片段反映了嵌套使用ExecutionContextScope 的编程方式,上述的三种行为通过作为ExecutionContextScope构造函数参数的ExecutionContextOption枚举来控制。

using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope1 = new ExecutionContextScope())
{
    //...
    using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope2 = new ExecutionContextScope(ExecutionContextOption.Required))
    {
        //...
    }
    using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope2 = new ExecutionContextScope(ExecutionContextOption.RequiresNew))
    {
        //...
    }
    using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope2 = new ExecutionContextScope(ExecutionContextOption.Suppress))
    {
        //...
    }
}

ExecutionContext基本的编程方式,以及三种ExecutionContextScope 嵌套所体现的ExecutionContext创建/共享机制可以通过如下的Unit Test代码来体现:

[TestMethod]
public void SetAndGetContexts1()
{
    string name = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
    string value1 = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
    string value2 = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

    //1. Outside of ApplicationContextScope: ApplicationContext.Current = null
    Assert.IsNull(ExecutionContext.Current);

    //2. Current ApplicationContext is avilable in the ApplicationContextScope.
    using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope = new ExecutionContextScope())
    {
        ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value1);
        Assert.AreEqual<string>(value1, ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name));
    }

    //3. Nested ApplicationContextScope: ApplicationContextOption.Required
    using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope1 = new ExecutionContextScope())
    {
        ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value1);
        using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope2 = new ExecutionContextScope(ExecutionContextOption.Required))
        {
            Assert.AreEqual<string>(value1, ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name));

            ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value2);
            Assert.AreEqual<string>(value2, ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name));
        }
        Assert.AreEqual<string>(value2, ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name));
    }


    //4. Nested ApplicationContextScope: ApplicationContextOption.RequiresNew
    using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope1 = new ExecutionContextScope())
    {
        ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value1);
        using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope2 = new ExecutionContextScope(ExecutionContextOption.RequiresNew))
        {
            Assert.IsNotNull(ExecutionContext.Current);
            Assert.IsNull(ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name));
            ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value2);
            Assert.AreEqual<string>(value2, ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name));
        }
        Assert.AreEqual<string>(value1, ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name));
    }

    //5. Nested ApplicationContextScope: ApplicationContextOption.Supress
    using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope1 = new ExecutionContextScope())
    {
        ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value1);
        using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope2 = new ExecutionContextScope(ExecutionContextOption.Suppress))
        {
            Assert.IsNull(ExecutionContext.Current);
        }
        Assert.AreEqual<string>(value1, ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name));
    }
}

二、异步调用的问题

如果具有当前ExecutionContext的程序以异步的方式执行相应的操作,我们希望当前操作和异步操作使用不同的数据容器,否则就会出现并发问题;但是我们又希望在异步操作开始执行的时候,当前的上下文数据能够自动地拷贝过去。为此我们依然借鉴TransactionScope的方式,定义了一个DependentContext(对应着DependentTransaction)。在异步操作开始执行之前,我们根据当前ExecutionContext创建一个DependentContext,此时当前ExecutionContext相应数据项会拷贝到DependentContext中。在异步操作代码中,我们根据DependentContext创建ExecutionContextScope ,那么通过Current属性返回的实际上就是这么一个DependentContext。由于DependentContext和当前ExecutionContext各自具有自己的数据容器,针对它们的操作互不影响。如下所示的相应的编程方式:

using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope1 = new ExecutionContextScope())
{
    ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value1);
    DependentContext depedencyContext = ExecutionContext.Current.DepedentClone();
    ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value2);

     Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
        {
            using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope2 = new ExecutionContextScope(depedencyContext))
            {
                 string value1 = ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name);
            }
        });
}

相应的编程方式,已经异步线程和当前线程上下文的独立性也可以通过如下所示的Unit Test代码来体现。

[TestMethod]
public void SetAndGetContexts2()
{
    string name = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
    string value1 = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
    string value2 = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

    //1. Change current ApplicationContext will never affect the DependentContext.
    using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope1 = new ExecutionContextScope())
    {
        ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value1);
        DependentContext depedencyContext = ExecutionContext.Current.DepedentClone();
        ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value2);

        Task<string> task = Task.Factory.StartNew<string>(() =>
            {
                using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope2 = new ExecutionContextScope(depedencyContext))
                {
                    return ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name);
                }
            });

        Assert.AreEqual<string>(value1, task.Result);
        Assert.AreEqual<string>(value2, ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name));
    }

    //2. Change DependentContext will never affect the current ApplicationContext.
    using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope1 = new ExecutionContextScope())
    {
        ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value1);
        DependentContext depedencyContext = ExecutionContext.Current.DepedentClone();
        Task<string> task = Task.Factory.StartNew<string>(() =>
        {
            using (ExecutionContextScope contextScope2 = new ExecutionContextScope(depedencyContext))
            {
                ExecutionContext.Current.SetValue(name, value2);
                return ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name);
            }
        });

        Assert.AreEqual<string>(value2, task.Result);
        Assert.AreEqual<string>(value1, ExecutionContext.Current.GetValue<string>(name));
    }
}

三、ExecutionContext

现在我们来讨论具体的设计和实现,先来看看表示当前执行上下文的ExecutionContext的定义。如下面的代码片段所示,ExecutionContext实际上是利用了通过Items属性表示的字典对象作为保存数据的容器,GetValue和SetValue实际上就是针对该字典的操作。表示当前ExecutionContext的静态属性Current实际上是返回一个应用了ThreadStaticAttribute特性的静态字段current,意味着ExecutionContext是基于某个线程的,每个线程的当前ExecutionContext是不同的。方法DepedentClone用于创建DependentContext 以实现当前上下文数据向异步线程的传递。

[Serializable]
public class ExecutionContext
{
    [ThreadStatic]
    private static ExecutionContext current;
    public IDictionary<string, object> Items { get; internal set; }
    internal ExecutionContext()
    {
        this.Items = new Dictionary<string, object>();
    }

    public T GetValue<T>(string name, T defaultValue = default(T))
    {
        object value;
        if (this.Items.TryGetValue(name, out value))
        {
            return (T)value;
        }
        return defaultValue;
    }
    public void SetValue(string name, object value)
    {
        this.Items[name] = value;
    }

    public static ExecutionContext Current
    {
        get { return current; }
        internal set { current = value; }
    }
    public DependentContext DepedentClone()
    {
        return new DependentContext(this);
    }
}

四、DependentExecutionContext

如下所示的DependentContext的定义,它是ExecutionContext的子类。我们我们根据指定的ExecutionContext 对象创建一个DependentContext对象的时候,它的上下文数据项会自动拷贝到创建的DependentContext之中。

[Serializable]
public class DependentContext: ExecutionContext
{
    public Thread OriginalThread { get; private set; }
    public DependentContext(ExecutionContext context)
    {
       this.OriginalThread = Thread.CurrentThread;
this.Items = new Dictionary<string, object>(context.Items); } }

五、ExecutionContextScope

如下所示的是ExecutionContextScope的定义,它实现了IDisposable接口。在ExecutionContextScope被创建之前,当前ExecutionContext 被保存下来。第一个构造函数根据指定的ExecutionContextOption来对当前ExecutionContext 进行相应的设置;第二个构造函数则直接将指定的DependentContext 作为当前的ExecutionContext 。

public class ExecutionContextScope:IDisposable
{
    private ExecutionContext originalContext = ExecutionContext.Current;
    public ExecutionContextScope(ExecutionContextOption contextOption = ExecutionContextOption.Required)
    {
        switch (contextOption)
        {
            case ExecutionContextOption.RequiresNew:
                {
                    ExecutionContext.Current = new ExecutionContext();
                    break;
                }
            case ExecutionContextOption.Required:
                {
                    ExecutionContext.Current = originalContext ?? new ExecutionContext();
                    break;
                }
            case ExecutionContextOption.Suppress:
                {
                    ExecutionContext.Current = null;
                    break;
                }
        }
    }
    public ExecutionContextScope(DependentContext dependentContext)
    {
        if (dependentContext.OriginalThread == Thread.CurrentThread)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("The DependentContextScope cannot be created in the thread in which the DependentContext is created.");
        }
        ExecutionContext.Current = dependentContext;
    }
    public void Dispose()
    {
        ExecutionContext.Current = originalContext;
    }
}
posted @ 2013-04-14 20:39  Artech  阅读(7687)  评论(15编辑  收藏  举报