ASP.NET MVC的View是如何呈现出来的[实例篇]
在《[设计篇]》篇中我们通过对View引擎的总体介绍讲述了从ViewResult的创建到View呈现的原理,为了让读者对View引擎及其View呈现机制具有一个深刻的认识,我们自定义一个简单的用于呈现静态HTML的StaticFileViewEngine。在一个通过Visual Studio的ASP.NET MVC项目模板创建的空Web应用中,我们定义了如下一个针对于静态HTML内容呈现的自定义StaticFileView。StaticFileView实现了IView接口,在实现的Render方法中读取制定文件的内容写入作为参数的TextWriter。 [本文已经同步到《How ASP.NET MVC Works?》中]
1: public class StaticFileView:IView
2: {
3: public string FileName { get; private set; }
4: public StaticFileView(string fileName)
5: {
6: this.FileName = fileName;
7: }
8: public void Render(ViewContext viewContext, TextWriter writer)
9: {
10: byte[] buffer;
11: using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(this.FileName, FileMode.Open))
12: {
13: buffer = new byte[fs.Length];
14: fs.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
15: }
16: writer.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer));
17: }
18: }
由于StaticFileView中定义的内容完全是静态的,所以缓存显得很有必要。我们只需要基于Controller和View名称对View实施缓存,为此我们定义了如下一个作为Key的数据类型ViewEngineResultCacheKey。
1: internal class ViewEngineResultCacheKey
2: {
3: public string ControllerName { get; private set; }
4: public string ViewName { get; private set; }
5:
6: public ViewEngineResultCacheKey(string controllerName, string viewName)
7: {
8: this.ControllerName = controllerName ?? string.Empty;
9: this.ViewName = viewName ?? string.Empty;
10: }
11: public override int GetHashCode()
12: {
13: return this.ControllerName.ToLower().GetHashCode() ^ this.ViewName.ToLower().GetHashCode();
14: }
15:
16: public override bool Equals(object obj)
17: {
18: ViewEngineResultCacheKey key = obj as ViewEngineResultCacheKey;
19: if (null == key)
20: {
21: return false;
22: }
23: return key.GetHashCode() == this.GetHashCode();
24: }
25: }
具有如下定义的StaticFileViewEngine代表StaticFileView对应的ViewEngine。我们通过一个字典类型的字段viewEngineResults作为对ViewEngineResult的缓存,而View的获取操作最终实现在InternalFindView方法中。通过StaticFileView表示的View定义在一个以View名称作为文件名的文本文件中,该文件的扩展名为.shtml(Static HTML)。
1: public class StaticFileViewEngine : IViewEngine
2: {
3: private Dictionary<ViewEngineResultCacheKey, ViewEngineResult> viewEngineResults = new Dictionary<ViewEngineResultCacheKey, ViewEngineResult>();
4: private object syncHelper = new object();
5: public ViewEngineResult FindPartialView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string partialViewName, bool useCache)
6: {
7: return this.FindView(controllerContext, partialViewName, null, useCache);
8: }
9:
10: public ViewEngineResult FindView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string viewName, string masterName, bool useCache)
11: {
12: string controllerName = controllerContext.RouteData.GetRequiredString("controller");
13: ViewEngineResultCacheKey key = new ViewEngineResultCacheKey(controllerName, viewName);
14: ViewEngineResult result;
15: if (!useCache)
16: {
17: result = InternalFindView(controllerContext, viewName, controllerName);
18: viewEngineResults[key] = result;
19: return result;
20: }
21: if(viewEngineResults.TryGetValue(key, out result))
22: {
23: return result;
24: }
25: lock (syncHelper)
26: {
27: if (viewEngineResults.TryGetValue(key, out result))
28: {
29: return result;
30: }
31:
32: result = InternalFindView(controllerContext, viewName, controllerName);
33: viewEngineResults[key] = result;
34: return result;
35: }
36: }
37:
38: private ViewEngineResult InternalFindView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string viewName, string controllerName)
39: {
40: string[] searchLocations = new string[]
41: {
42: string.Format( "~/views/{0}/{1}.shtml", controllerName, viewName),
43: string.Format( "~/views/Shared/{0}.shtml", viewName)
44: };
45:
46: string fileName = controllerContext.HttpContext.Request.MapPath(searchLocations[0]);
47: if (File.Exists(fileName))
48: {
49: return new ViewEngineResult(new StaticFileView(fileName), this);
50: }
51: fileName = string.Format(@"\views\Shared\{0}.shtml", viewName);
52: if (File.Exists(fileName))
53: {
54: return new ViewEngineResult(new StaticFileView(fileName), this);
55: }
56: return new ViewEngineResult(searchLocations);
57: }
58:
59: public void ReleaseView(ControllerContext controllerContext, IView view)
60: { }
61: }
在InternalFindView中,我们先在“~/Views/{ControllerName}/”目录下寻找View文件,如果不存在则在“~/Views/Shared/”寻找。如果对应View文件被找到,则以此创建一个StaticFileView对象,并最终返回封装该View对象的ViewEngineResult。如果目标View文件找不到,则根据基于这两个目录的搜寻地址列表创建并返回对应的ViewEngineResult。 现在我们在Global.asax通过如下的代码对自定义的StaticFileViewEngine进行注册,我们将创建的StaticFileViewEngine作为第一个使用的ViewEngine。
1: public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
2: {
3: protected void Application_Start()
4: {
5: //其他操作
6: ViewEngines.Engines.Insert(0, new StaticFileViewEngine());
7: }
8: }
然后我们定义了如下一个简单的HomeController,Action方法ShowNonExistentView中通过调用View方法呈现一个不存在的View(NonExistentView),而ShowStaticFileView方法则将对应的StaticFileView呈现出来。
1: public class HomeController : Controller
2: {
3: public ActionResult ShowNonExistentView()
4: {
5: return View("NonExistentView");
6: }
7:
8: public ActionResult ShowStaticFileView()
9: {
10: return View();
11: }
12: }
我们为Action方法ShowStaticFileView创建一个StaticFileView类型的View文件ShowStaticFileView.shtml(该View文件保存在“~/Views/Home”目录下,扩展名不是.cshtml,而是shtml),其内容就是如下一段完整的HTML。
1: <!DOCTYPE html>
2: <html>
3: <head>
4: <title>Static File View</title>
5: </head>
6: <body>
7: 这是一个自定义的StaticFileView!
8: </body>
9: </html>
现在运行我们的程序,在浏览器中输入相应的地址访问Action方法ShowNonExistentView,会得到如下图所示的输出结果。图中列出的View搜寻位置列表中的前两项正是我们自定义的StaticFileViewEngine寻找对应.shtml文件的两个地址。
如果我们改变浏览器的地址来访问另一个Action方法ShowStaticFileView,会呈现出如下图所示的输出结果,不难看出呈现出来的正是定义在ShowStaticFileView.shtml中的HTML。
ASP.NET MVC的View是如何被呈现出来的?[设计篇]
ASP.NET MVC的View是如何被呈现出来的?[实例篇]