Nginx的反向代理

 

 

先通过简单的图来说明一下正向代理和反向代理吧~

正向代理

代理其实就是一个中介，A和B本来可以直连，中间插入一个C，C就是中介。刚开始的时候，代理多数是帮助内网client访问外网server用的（比如HTTP代理），从内到外。

 

反向代理

"反向"这个词在这儿的意思其实是指方向相反，即代理将来自外网client的请求forward到内网server，从外到内。

 

使用nginx实现反向代理

Nginx只做请求的转发，后台有多个http服务器提供服务，nginx的功能就是把请求转发给后面的服务器，决定把请求转发给谁。

 

1.1.1   安装tomcat

在一个虚拟机上创建两个tomcat实例，模拟多个服务器。

1.1.2   需求

通过访问不同的域名访问运行在不同端口的tomcat

www.hudada.com   访问运行8080端口的tomcat

www.helloworld.com   访问运行8081端口的tomcat

1.1.3   域名需要配置host文件：

 

 

 

1.1.4   Nginx的配置

 

 

　　upstream tomcatserver1{
	server 192.168.0.11:8080;
    }

    upstream tomcatserver2{
	server 192.168.0.11:8081;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.hudada.com;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            proxy_pass   http://tomcatserver1;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.helloworld.com;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            proxy_pass   http://tomcatserver2;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

 

 

如果在同一个域名下有多台服务器提供服务，此时需要nginx负载均衡。

 

 

只需操作这几个简单的步骤，nginx的反向代理就完成了。