i = ++i + i;

In C99  --- 6.5 Expressions

Between the previous and next sequence point an object shall have its stored value

modified at most once by the evaluation of an expression. Furthermore, the prior value

shall be read only to determine the value to be stored

2. Between the previous and next sequence point an object shall have its stored valuemodified at most once by the evaluation of an expression. Furthermore, the prior value shall be read only to determine the value to be stored.

3. The grouping of operators and operands is indicated by the syntax. Except as specified later (for the function-call (), &&, ||, ?:, and comma operators), the order of evaluation of subexpressions and the order in which side effects take place are both unspecified

 

In C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2003 --- 5 Expressions

4. Except where noted, the order of evaluation of operands of individual operators and subexpressions of individual expressions, and the order in which side effects take place, is unspecified.53) Between the previous and next sequence point a scalar object shall have its stored value modified at most once by the evaluation of an expression. Furthermore, the prior value shall be accessed only to determine the value to be stored.The requirements of this paragraph shall be met for each allowable ordering of the subexpressions of a full expression; otherwise the behavior is undefined.

 

So undefined:

i = v[i++];

i = ++i + 1;

while allowing

i = i + 1;

a[i] = i;