python traceback捕获并打印异常
1、traceback.print_exc()
2、traceback.format_exc()
3、traceback.print_exception()
简单说下这三个方法是做什么用的:
1、print_exc():是对异常栈输出 2、format_exc():是把异常栈以字符串的形式返回,print(traceback.format_exc()) 就相当于traceback.print_exc() 3、print_exception():traceback.print_exc()实现方式就是traceback.print_exception(sys.exc_info()),可以点sys.exc_info()进去看看实现
测试代码如下:
def func(a, b): return a / b if __name__ == '__main__': import sys import time import traceback try: func(1, 0) except Exception as e: print('***', type(e), e, '***') time.sleep(2) print("***traceback.print_exc():*** ") time.sleep(1) traceback.print_exc() time.sleep(2) print("***traceback.format_exc():*** ") time.sleep(1) print(traceback.format_exc()) time.sleep(2) print("***traceback.print_exception():*** ") time.sleep(1) traceback.print_exception(*sys.exc_info())
运行结果:
*** <class 'ZeroDivisionError'> division by zero *** ***traceback.print_exc():*** Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/HttpRunnerManager-jh/ApiManager/tests.py", line 42, in <module> func(1, 0) File "E:/HttpRunnerManager-jh/ApiManager/tests.py", line 33, in func return a / b ZeroDivisionError: division by zero ***traceback.format_exc():*** Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/HttpRunnerManager-jh/ApiManager/tests.py", line 42, in <module> func(1, 0) File "E:/HttpRunnerManager-jh/ApiManager/tests.py", line 33, in func return a / b ZeroDivisionError: division by zero ***traceback.print_exception():*** Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/HttpRunnerManager-jh/ApiManager/tests.py", line 42, in <module> func(1, 0) File "E:/HttpRunnerManager-jh/ApiManager/tests.py", line 33, in func return a / b ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
可以看出,三种方式打印结果是一样的。在开发时,做调试是很方便的。也可以把这种异常栈写入日志。
logging.exception(ex) # 指名输出栈踪迹, logging.exception的内部也是包了一层此做法 logging.error(ex, exc_info=1) # 更加严重的错误级别 logging.critical(ex, exc_info=1) # 我直接copy的,未尝试。有时间会试下的
python 还有一个模块叫cgitb,输出的error非常详情。
try: func(1, 0) except Exception as e: import cgitb cgitb.enable(format='text') func(1, 0)
traceback.print_exc()跟traceback.format_exc()有什么区别呢?
format_exc()返回字符串,print_exc()则直接给打印出来。
即traceback.print_exc()与print traceback.format_exc()效果是一样的。
print_exc()还可以接受file参数直接写入到一个文件。比如
traceback.print_exc(file=open('tb.txt','w+'))
写入到tb.txt文件去。
参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/lengxingxing_/article/details/56317838