[洛谷4242]树上的毒瘤
题目传送门:https://www.luogu.org/problemnew/show/P4242
首先我们考虑如何把题目求的\(T(i,j)\)分段求出,假定在路径\(<i,j>\)上找到一些关键点\(p_0,p_2,...p_k\),其中\(p_0=i,p_k=j\),可以发现\(\sum\limits_{i=1}^kT(p_{i-1},p_i)-k+1=T(i,j)\),于是我们把虚树建出来之后,对于边\(<u,v>\),可以直接用\(T(u,v)-1\)作为其边权,然后在虚树上dp,记\(f[i]\)表示到其子树内所有特殊点的路径权值和(在虚树上),然后对于\(f[i]\)输出\(f[i]+cnt\)即可(\(cnt\)为特殊点个数)
二次换根即可\(O(n)\)求出所有特殊点的\(f[i]\),然后由于有颜色修改,我们使用树链剖分即可(貌似这个写法跑得飞快)
码量有点小大
/*program from Wolfycz*/
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#define inf 0x7f7f7f7f
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned int ui;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
inline char gc(){
static char buf[1000000],*p1=buf,*p2=buf;
return p1==p2&&(p2=(p1=buf)+fread(buf,1,1000000,stdin),p1==p2)?EOF:*p1++;
}
inline int frd(){
int x=0,f=1; char ch=gc();
for (;ch<'0'||ch>'9';ch=gc()) if (ch=='-') f=-1;
for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=gc()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+ch-'0';
return x*f;
}
inline int read(){
int x=0,f=1; char ch=getchar();
for (;ch<'0'||ch>'9';ch=getchar()) if (ch=='-') f=-1;
for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=getchar()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+ch-'0';
return x*f;
}
inline void print(int x){
if (x<0) putchar('-'),x=-x;
if (x>9) print(x/10);
putchar(x%10+'0');
}
const int N=1e5;
int dfn[N+10],ID[N+10],V[N+10],n,q;
bool cmp(int x,int y){return ID[x]<ID[y];}
struct S1{
#define ls (p<<1)
#define rs (p<<1|1)
struct node{
int l,r,sum;
node(){l=r=sum=0;}
node(int _l,int _r,int _sum){l=_l,r=_r,sum=_sum;}
void init(int v){l=r=v,sum=1;}
}tree[(N<<2)+10];
int cov[(N<<2)+10];
friend node operator +(const node &x,const node &y){
if (!x.sum) return y;
if (!y.sum) return x;
return node(x.l,y.r,x.sum+y.sum-(x.r==y.l));
}
void Add_cov(int p,int v){
tree[p].init(v);
cov[p]=v;
}
void pushdown(int p){
if (!cov[p]) return;
Add_cov(ls,cov[p]);
Add_cov(rs,cov[p]);
cov[p]=0;
}
void build(int p,int l,int r){
if (l==r){
tree[p].init(V[dfn[l]]);
return;
}
int mid=(l+r)>>1;
build(ls,l,mid);
build(rs,mid+1,r);
tree[p]=tree[ls]+tree[rs];
}
void Modify(int p,int l,int r,int x,int y,int v){
if (x<=l&&r<=y){
Add_cov(p,v);
return;
}
pushdown(p);
int mid=(l+r)>>1;
if (x<=mid) Modify(ls,l,mid,x,y,v);
if (y>mid) Modify(rs,mid+1,r,x,y,v);
tree[p]=tree[ls]+tree[rs];
}
node Query(int p,int l,int r,int x,int y){
if (x<=l&&r<=y) return tree[p];
pushdown(p);
int mid=(l+r)>>1; node res;
if (x<=mid) res=res+Query(ls,l,mid,x,y);
if (y>mid) res=res+Query(rs,mid+1,r,x,y);
return res;
}
#undef ls
#undef rs
}ST;//Segment Tree
struct S2{
int pre[(N<<1)+10],now[N+10],child[(N<<1)+10],tot,Time;
int size[N+10],fa[N+10],deep[N+10],top[N+10],Rem[N+10];
void join(int x,int y){pre[++tot]=now[x],now[x]=tot,child[tot]=y;}
void insert(int x,int y){join(x,y),join(y,x);}
void dfs(int x){
deep[x]=deep[fa[x]]+1,size[x]=1;
for (int p=now[x],son=child[p];p;p=pre[p],son=child[p]){
if (son==fa[x]) continue;
fa[son]=x,dfs(son);
size[x]+=size[son];
if (size[Rem[x]]<size[son]) Rem[x]=son;
}
}
void build(int x){
if (!x) return;
dfn[ID[x]=++Time]=x;
top[x]=Rem[fa[x]]==x?top[fa[x]]:x;
build(Rem[x]);
for (int p=now[x],son=child[p];p;p=pre[p],son=child[p]){
if (son==fa[x]||son==Rem[x]) continue;
build(son);
}
}
int LCA(int x,int y){
while (top[x]!=top[y]){
if (deep[top[x]]<deep[top[y]]) swap(x,y);
x=fa[top[x]];
}
return deep[x]<deep[y]?x:y;
}
void Modify(int x,int y,int v){
while (top[x]!=top[y]){
if (deep[top[x]]<deep[top[y]]) swap(x,y);
ST.Modify(1,1,n,ID[top[x]],ID[x],v);
x=fa[top[x]];
}
if (deep[x]>deep[y]) swap(x,y);
ST.Modify(1,1,n,ID[x],ID[y],v);
}
int Query(int x,int y){
S1::node res;
while (top[x]!=top[y]){
if (deep[top[x]]<deep[top[y]]) swap(x,y);
res=ST.Query(1,1,n,ID[top[x]],ID[x])+res;
x=fa[top[x]];
}
if (deep[x]>deep[y]) swap(x,y);
res=ST.Query(1,1,n,ID[x],ID[y])+res;
return res.sum;
}
}HLD;//Heavy Light Decomposition
struct S3{
int pre[(N<<1)+10],now[N+10],child[(N<<1)+10],val[(N<<1)+10];
int A[N+10],stack[N+10],size[N+10];
int m,tot; ll f[N+10];
bool mark[N+10];
void join(int x,int y,int z){pre[++tot]=now[x],now[x]=tot,child[tot]=y,val[tot]=z;}
void insert(int x,int y,int z=0){z=HLD.Query(x,y)-1,join(x,y,z),join(y,x,z);}
void rebuild(){
int top=0; tot=0;
sort(A+1,A+1+m,cmp);
stack[++top]=1;
for (int i=1;i<=m;i++){
int x=A[i],lca=HLD.LCA(x,stack[top]);
if (x==1) continue;
if (lca==stack[top]){
stack[++top]=x;
continue;
}
while (true){
int y=stack[top-1];
if (ID[y]>=ID[lca]) insert(y,stack[top--]);
else{
if (lca==stack[top]) break;
insert(stack[top],lca);
stack[top]=lca; break;
}
}
stack[++top]=x;
}
while (top>1){
insert(stack[top],stack[top-1]);
top--;
}
}
void dfs1(int x,int fa){
size[x]=mark[x],f[x]=0;
for (int p=now[x],son=child[p];p;p=pre[p],son=child[p]){
if (son==fa) continue;
dfs1(son,x),size[x]+=size[son];
f[x]+=f[son]+1ll*val[p]*size[son];
}
}
void dfs2(int x,int fa){//二次换根
for (int p=now[x],son=child[p];p;p=pre[p],son=child[p]){
if (son==fa) continue;
f[son]=f[x]+1ll*val[p]*(m-2ll*size[son]);
dfs2(son,x);
}
now[x]=0;
}
void work(){
static int list[N+10];
m=read();
for (int i=1;i<=m;i++) mark[list[i]=A[i]=read()]=1;
rebuild(),dfs1(1,0),dfs2(1,0);
for (int i=1;i<=m;i++) printf("%lld",f[list[i]]+m),putchar(i==m?'\n':' ');
for (int i=1;i<=m;i++) mark[A[i]]=0;
}
}VT;//Virtual Tree
int main(){
n=read(),q=read();
for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) V[i]=read();
for (int i=1;i<n;i++){
int x=read(),y=read();
HLD.insert(x,y);
}
HLD.dfs(1),HLD.build(1),ST.build(1,1,n);
for (int i=1;i<=q;i++){
int type=read();
if (type==1){
int x=read(),y=read(),v=read();
HLD.Modify(x,y,v);
}
if (type==2) VT.work();
}
return 0;
}