[洛谷4242]树上的毒瘤

题目传送门:https://www.luogu.org/problemnew/show/P4242

首先我们考虑如何把题目求的\(T(i,j)\)分段求出,假定在路径\(<i,j>\)上找到一些关键点\(p_0,p_2,...p_k\),其中\(p_0=i,p_k=j\),可以发现\(\sum\limits_{i=1}^kT(p_{i-1},p_i)-k+1=T(i,j)\),于是我们把虚树建出来之后,对于边\(<u,v>\),可以直接用\(T(u,v)-1\)作为其边权,然后在虚树上dp,记\(f[i]\)表示到其子树内所有特殊点的路径权值和(在虚树上),然后对于\(f[i]\)输出\(f[i]+cnt\)即可(\(cnt\)为特殊点个数)

二次换根即可\(O(n)\)求出所有特殊点的\(f[i]\),然后由于有颜色修改,我们使用树链剖分即可(貌似这个写法跑得飞快)

码量有点小大

/*program from Wolfycz*/
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#define inf 0x7f7f7f7f
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned int ui;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
inline char gc(){
	static char buf[1000000],*p1=buf,*p2=buf;
	return p1==p2&&(p2=(p1=buf)+fread(buf,1,1000000,stdin),p1==p2)?EOF:*p1++;
}
inline int frd(){
	int x=0,f=1; char ch=gc();
	for (;ch<'0'||ch>'9';ch=gc())	if (ch=='-')	f=-1;
	for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=gc())	x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+ch-'0';
	return x*f;
}
inline int read(){
	int x=0,f=1; char ch=getchar();
	for (;ch<'0'||ch>'9';ch=getchar())	if (ch=='-')	f=-1;
	for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=getchar())	x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+ch-'0';
	return x*f;
}
inline void print(int x){
	if (x<0)	putchar('-'),x=-x;
	if (x>9)	print(x/10);
	putchar(x%10+'0');
}
const int N=1e5;
int dfn[N+10],ID[N+10],V[N+10],n,q;
bool cmp(int x,int y){return ID[x]<ID[y];}
struct S1{
	#define ls (p<<1)
	#define rs (p<<1|1)
	struct node{
		int l,r,sum;
		node(){l=r=sum=0;}
		node(int _l,int _r,int _sum){l=_l,r=_r,sum=_sum;}
		void init(int v){l=r=v,sum=1;}
	}tree[(N<<2)+10];
	int cov[(N<<2)+10];
	friend node operator +(const node &x,const node &y){
		if (!x.sum)	return y;
		if (!y.sum)	return x;
		return node(x.l,y.r,x.sum+y.sum-(x.r==y.l));
	}
	void Add_cov(int p,int v){
		tree[p].init(v);
		cov[p]=v;
	}
	void pushdown(int p){
		if (!cov[p])	return;
		Add_cov(ls,cov[p]);
		Add_cov(rs,cov[p]);
		cov[p]=0;
	}
	void build(int p,int l,int r){
		if (l==r){
			tree[p].init(V[dfn[l]]);
			return;
		}
		int mid=(l+r)>>1;
		build(ls,l,mid);
		build(rs,mid+1,r);
		tree[p]=tree[ls]+tree[rs];
	}
	void Modify(int p,int l,int r,int x,int y,int v){
		if (x<=l&&r<=y){
			Add_cov(p,v);
			return;
		}
		pushdown(p);
		int mid=(l+r)>>1;
		if (x<=mid)	Modify(ls,l,mid,x,y,v);
		if (y>mid)	Modify(rs,mid+1,r,x,y,v);
		tree[p]=tree[ls]+tree[rs];
	}
	node Query(int p,int l,int r,int x,int y){
		if (x<=l&&r<=y)	return tree[p];
		pushdown(p);
		int mid=(l+r)>>1; node res;
		if (x<=mid)	res=res+Query(ls,l,mid,x,y);
		if (y>mid)	res=res+Query(rs,mid+1,r,x,y);
		return res;
	}
	#undef ls
	#undef rs
}ST;//Segment Tree
struct S2{
	int pre[(N<<1)+10],now[N+10],child[(N<<1)+10],tot,Time;
	int size[N+10],fa[N+10],deep[N+10],top[N+10],Rem[N+10];
	void join(int x,int y){pre[++tot]=now[x],now[x]=tot,child[tot]=y;}
	void insert(int x,int y){join(x,y),join(y,x);}
	void dfs(int x){
		deep[x]=deep[fa[x]]+1,size[x]=1;
		for (int p=now[x],son=child[p];p;p=pre[p],son=child[p]){
			if (son==fa[x])	continue;
			fa[son]=x,dfs(son);
			size[x]+=size[son];
			if (size[Rem[x]]<size[son])	Rem[x]=son;
		}
	}
	void build(int x){
		if (!x)	return;
		dfn[ID[x]=++Time]=x;
		top[x]=Rem[fa[x]]==x?top[fa[x]]:x;
		build(Rem[x]);
		for (int p=now[x],son=child[p];p;p=pre[p],son=child[p]){
			if (son==fa[x]||son==Rem[x])	continue;
			build(son);
		}
	}
	int LCA(int x,int y){
		while (top[x]!=top[y]){
			if (deep[top[x]]<deep[top[y]])	swap(x,y);
			x=fa[top[x]];
		}
		return deep[x]<deep[y]?x:y;
	}
	void Modify(int x,int y,int v){
		while (top[x]!=top[y]){
			if (deep[top[x]]<deep[top[y]])	swap(x,y);
			ST.Modify(1,1,n,ID[top[x]],ID[x],v);
			x=fa[top[x]];
		}
		if (deep[x]>deep[y])	swap(x,y);
		ST.Modify(1,1,n,ID[x],ID[y],v);
	}
	int Query(int x,int y){
		S1::node res;
		while (top[x]!=top[y]){
			if (deep[top[x]]<deep[top[y]])	swap(x,y);
			res=ST.Query(1,1,n,ID[top[x]],ID[x])+res;
			x=fa[top[x]];
		}
		if (deep[x]>deep[y])	swap(x,y);
		res=ST.Query(1,1,n,ID[x],ID[y])+res;
		return res.sum;
	}
}HLD;//Heavy Light Decomposition
struct S3{
	int pre[(N<<1)+10],now[N+10],child[(N<<1)+10],val[(N<<1)+10];
	int A[N+10],stack[N+10],size[N+10];
	int m,tot; ll f[N+10];
	bool mark[N+10];
	void join(int x,int y,int z){pre[++tot]=now[x],now[x]=tot,child[tot]=y,val[tot]=z;}
	void insert(int x,int y,int z=0){z=HLD.Query(x,y)-1,join(x,y,z),join(y,x,z);}
	void rebuild(){
		int top=0; tot=0;
		sort(A+1,A+1+m,cmp);
		stack[++top]=1;
		for (int i=1;i<=m;i++){
			int x=A[i],lca=HLD.LCA(x,stack[top]);
			if (x==1)	continue;
			if (lca==stack[top]){
				stack[++top]=x;
				continue;
			}
			while (true){
				int y=stack[top-1];
				if (ID[y]>=ID[lca])	insert(y,stack[top--]);
				else{
					if (lca==stack[top])	break;
					insert(stack[top],lca);
					stack[top]=lca; break;
				}
			}
			stack[++top]=x;
		}
		while (top>1){
			insert(stack[top],stack[top-1]);
			top--;
		}
	}
	void dfs1(int x,int fa){
		size[x]=mark[x],f[x]=0;
		for (int p=now[x],son=child[p];p;p=pre[p],son=child[p]){
			if (son==fa)	continue;
			dfs1(son,x),size[x]+=size[son];
			f[x]+=f[son]+1ll*val[p]*size[son];
		}
	}
	void dfs2(int x,int fa){//二次换根
		for (int p=now[x],son=child[p];p;p=pre[p],son=child[p]){
			if (son==fa)	continue;
			f[son]=f[x]+1ll*val[p]*(m-2ll*size[son]);
			dfs2(son,x);
		}
		now[x]=0;
	}
	void work(){
		static int list[N+10];
		m=read();
		for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)	mark[list[i]=A[i]=read()]=1;
		rebuild(),dfs1(1,0),dfs2(1,0);
		for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)	printf("%lld",f[list[i]]+m),putchar(i==m?'\n':' ');
		for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)	mark[A[i]]=0;
	}
}VT;//Virtual Tree
int main(){
	n=read(),q=read();
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)	V[i]=read();
	for (int i=1;i<n;i++){
		int x=read(),y=read();
		HLD.insert(x,y);
	}
	HLD.dfs(1),HLD.build(1),ST.build(1,1,n);
	for (int i=1;i<=q;i++){
		int type=read();
		if (type==1){
			int x=read(),y=read(),v=read();
			HLD.Modify(x,y,v);
		}
		if (type==2)	VT.work();
	}
	return 0;
}
posted @ 2019-03-21 17:40  Wolfycz  阅读(181)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报