Sicily 1051: 魔板(BFS+排重)

  相对1150题来说,这道题的N可能超过10,所以需要进行排重,即相同状态的魔板不要重复压倒队列里,这里我用map储存操作过的状态,也可以用康托编码来储存状态,这样时间缩短为0.03秒。关于康托展开可以参考,其可用数学归纳法证明:http://www.cnblogs.com/1-2-3/archive/2011/04/25/generate-permutation-part2.html

  1 #include <bits/stdc++.h> 
  2 using namespace std;
  3 map<int, int>visit;
  4 int op_a(int n) {//操作A(上下行互换)
  5     int low = n % 10000;
  6     int high = n / 10000;
  7     return low * 10000 + high;
  8 }
  9 
 10 int op_b(int n) {//操作B(每次以行循环右移一个)
 11     int low = n % 10000;
 12     int high = n / 10000;
 13     int h = high % 10;
 14     high = h * 1000 + high / 10;
 15     int l = low % 10;
 16     low = l * 1000 + low / 10;
 17     return high * 10000 + low;
 18 }
 19 
 20 int op_c(int n) {//操作C(中间四小块顺时针转一格)
 21     int a[8];
 22     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
 23         a[7-i] = n % 10;
 24         n = n / 10;
 25     }
 26     int ans =   a[0] * 10000000 +
 27                 a[5] * 1000000 +
 28                 a[1] * 100000 +
 29                 a[3] * 10000 +
 30                 a[4] * 1000 +
 31                 a[6] * 100 +
 32                 a[2] * 10 +
 33                 a[7];
 34     return ans;
 35 }
 36 struct Node {
 37     int num;//num储存状态,用8位的十进制数来储存状态 
 38     vector<char> path;//path储存操作 
 39 };
 40 Node bfs(int step, int n) {
 41     queue<Node> q;
 42     Node front;
 43     front.num = 12348765;//初始的魔板 
 44     visit[front.num] = 1;
 45     q.push(front);
 46     if(front.num == n)return front;
 47     
 48     while (!q.empty()) {
 49         front = q.front();
 50         q.pop();
 51         if (front.path.size() > step) {
 52             return front;//如果操作的次数大于step数,返回
 53         }
 54         //依次进行三种操作 
 55         Node tmp1 = front;
 56         
 57         tmp1.num = op_a(front.num);
 58         tmp1.path.push_back('A');
 59         if (tmp1.num == n) {
 60             return tmp1;
 61         }
 62         else if(visit.find(tmp1.num) == visit.end()){
 63             visit[tmp1.num] = 1;
 64             q.push(tmp1);
 65         }
 66 
 67         Node tmp2 = front;
 68         tmp2.num = op_b(front.num);
 69         tmp2.path.push_back('B');
 70         if (tmp2.num == n) {
 71             return tmp2;
 72         }
 73         else if(visit.find(tmp2.num) == visit.end()){
 74             visit[tmp2.num] = 1;
 75             q.push(tmp2);
 76         }
 77 
 78         Node tmp3 = front;
 79         tmp3.num = op_c(front.num);
 80         tmp3.path.push_back('C');
 81         if (tmp3.num == n) {
 82             return tmp3;
 83         }
 84         else if(visit.find(tmp3.num) == visit.end()){
 85             visit[tmp3.num] = 1;
 86             q.push(tmp3);
 87         }
 88 
 89     }
 90 }
 91 int main(){
 92     int step;
 93     while (cin >> step && step != -1) {
 94         int ans = 0; 
 95         int a;
 96         for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {//将魔板转换成数字 
 97             cin >> a;
 98             ans = 10 * ans + a;
 99         }
100         
101         visit.clear();
102         Node node = bfs(step, ans);
103         if (node.path.size() > step) cout << "-1" << endl;//如失败则输出-1,否则输出path 
104         else {
105             cout << node.path.size() << "  ";
106             for (int i = 0; i < node.path.size(); i++) {
107                 cout << node.path[i];
108             }
109             cout << endl;
110         }
111         
112     }
113     return 0;
114 }

 

posted @ 2017-01-06 19:21  Vincent_Bryan  阅读(270)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报