[LeetCode] 307. Range Sum Query - Mutable 解题思路
Given an integer array nums, find the sum of the elements between indices i and j (i ≤ j), inclusive.
The update(i, val) function modifies nums by updating the element at index i to val.
Example:
Given nums = [1, 3, 5] sumRange(0, 2) -> 9 update(1, 2) sumRange(0, 2) -> 8
Note:
- The array is only modifiable by the update function.
- You may assume the number of calls to update and sumRange function is distributed evenly.
问题:给定一个固定长度的数组,可以更新元素的值,求给定子数组的元素和。求和与更新操作交替进行。
解决方案
方案1,每次求和,直接遍历子数组进行求和。每次更新,直接根据下标更新元素值。求和操作时间复杂度为 O(n), 更新操作时间复杂度为O(1)
方案2,采用线段树存储原数组以及中间结果。
例子:输入数组{1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11} 对应的线段树数据结构如下,叶子节点存储输入数组的元素,非叶子节点存储一个区域的和。
线段树是一个 full binary tree,可以用数组来存储。数组下标和线段树的节点之间的关系如下:
对于节点 i,
- 其左子节点下标为 i*2+1
- 其右节点下标为 i*2+2
- 其父亲节点下标为 (i-1)/2
基于数组的线段树表示例子如下:
求和思路:计算子数组[l, r] 的和时,对于给定节点 node 有:
- 如果节点 node 代表的范围在 [l, r] 之内,则返回节点 node 的值
- 如果节点 node 代表的范围完全不在 [l, r] 之内,则返回 0
- 其他情况,节点 node 代表的范围一部分在 [l, r]之内,一部分不在之内,则对于节点 node 的左右子节点分别应用该规则进行处理。
更新思路:根据给定的下标,更新下标对应元素在线段树的叶子节点,并更新从该叶子节点到根节点路径上的所有祖先节点。
构建线段树:根据输入数组,求得线段树需要的节点值。例如 {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 4, 12, 20, 16, 36}
对节点值进行反序处理,则得到基于数组结构的线段树。例如 {36, 16, 20, 12, 4, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, 1}
代码实现如下:
#include <vector> using namespace std;struct TreeNode{ int val; pair<int, int> idxRange; TreeNode(int val, int lRange, int rRange){ this->val = val; this->idxRange = make_pair(lRange, rRange); } }; class NumArray { vector<int> nums; vector<TreeNode *> nodesVec; vector<TreeNode *> treeVec; /** * calculate the nodes of the segment tree based on the input values in nums */ void calculateNodes(){ for(int i=0; i < nums.size(); i++){ TreeNode *tn = new TreeNode(nums[i], i, i); this->nodesVec.push_back(tn); } for(int i =0; i + 1 < nodesVec.size(); i+=2){ int val = nodesVec[i]->val + nodesVec[i+1]->val; int l = min(nodesVec[i]->idxRange.first, nodesVec[i+1]->idxRange.first); int r = max(nodesVec[i]->idxRange.second, nodesVec[i+1]->idxRange.second); TreeNode *tn = new TreeNode(val, l, r); nodesVec.push_back(tn); } } /** * build segment tree base on Vector. * For node i, * the left child index: i * 2 + 1 * the right child index: i * 2 + 2 * the parent index: (i - 1)/2 */ void buildVectorBasedSegmentTree(){ for(int i=nodesVec.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--){ treeVec.push_back(nodesVec[i]); } } public: NumArray(){} virtual ~NumArray(){} /** * initialization */ NumArray(vector<int> nums){ this->nums = nums; calculateNodes(); buildVectorBasedSegmentTree(); } /** * update the value of the node in the index i in treeVec */ void update(int i, int val){ int leafIdx = treeVec.size() - ( 1+ i ); int diff = val - treeVec[leafIdx]->val; updateNodes(leafIdx, diff); } /** * update the value of nodes in interval tree(segment tree) with the diff recursively. */ void updateNodes(int idx, int diff){ treeVec[idx]->val += diff; if(idx > 0){ idx = (idx -1) / 2; updateNodes(idx, diff); } } int sumRange(int i, int j){ return getSum(0, i, j); } /** * check the node in i-th index in treeVec, to calculate the sum of leaf */ int getSum(int nodeIdx, int rangeL, int rangeR){ TreeNode* node = treeVec[nodeIdx]; if (rangeL <= node->idxRange.first && node->idxRange.second <= rangeR){ return node->val; } if (node->idxRange.second < rangeL || rangeR < node->idxRange.first){ return 0; } int nodeIdxL = nodeIdx * 2 + 1; int nodeIdxR = nodeIdx * 2 + 2; return getSum(nodeIdxL, rangeL, rangeR) + getSum(nodeIdxR, rangeL, rangeR); } };
Reference:
Segment Tree | Set 1 (Sum of given range), geeksforgeeks