Windows Phone 7 不温不火学习之《推送通知服务》
2011-01-08 20:57 Terry_龙 阅读(3332) 评论(16) 编辑 收藏 举报Windows Phone 中的 Microsoft Push Notification Service 向第三方开发人员提供了一个弹性，专注，而且持续的渠道，使得开发人员可以从Web Service 向移动应用程序发送信息和更新。
过去移动应用程序需要经常主动访问相应的WEB服务，以了解是否有任何等待处理的通知。这样做是有效的，但会导航手机无线设备频繁打开，从而对电池续航时间或者用户的流量带来负面 影响。使用推送通知的方式取代主动调查，Web Service 能够提醒应用程序获取所需要的重要理更新。
当一个Web Service 有信息要发送到应用程序，它先发送一个通知到Push Notification Service ，该服务随后将通知应用程序，应用程序的标题明显地更新或者显示一个Toast 通知。然后，如果需要的话，应用程序可以使用自己的的协议联系Web service 以获取更新。
关于推送通知服务，看了Jake Lin 的视频他说的“好莱坞原则”己经说得很清楚了，不过我自己从现实中的淘宝购物也产生了一定的理解，下面跟大家分享一下，给出图示：
如上图，我们可以把推送通知理解成，一部手机就相当于我们一个用户，在淘宝注册了帐号并填写了送货地址（URI），在购买完自己需要的物品后，通知淘宝商家发货了，这时淘宝商家接收到我们给出的URI，就把货品打包，可以使用万能打包把什么东西都放进去（Raw）或者根据我们的要求要打包成礼品的样子(Tokens或者Toast 需要的XML格式 )，之后通知快递公司（微软--》不同的是，微软是免费的帮我们快递 ） 。而当我们收到快递公司给予我们的通知后，如打电话说：“先生，你的货品己经到达，请接收”，之后我们就根据打包方式进行接收啦。
大意的理解是这样的。
Push notification 发送方式
如上一段文字出现了几个英文单词就是Push notification 的三种发送方式，分别为：
- Raw Notification
1.可以发送任何格式的数据
2.应用程序可以根据需要加工数据
3.应用程序相关（application-specific）通知消息
4.只有在应用程序运行时，才发送。 - Toast Notification
1.发送的数据为指定的XML 格式
2.如果应用程序正在运行，内容发送到应用程序中
3.如果应用程序没有运行，弹出Toast 消息框显示消息
3.1App 图标加上两个描述文本
3.2打断用户当前操作，但是是临时的
3.3用户可以点击进行跟踪 - Tokens (Tile) Notification
1.发送的数据为指定的XML格式
2.不会往应用程序进行发送
3.如果用户把应用程序PIN TO START ，那么更新数据发送到start screen 的tile 里面
3.1包含三个属性，背景，标题和计算器
3.2每个属性都有固定的格式与位置
3.3可以使用其中的属性，不一定三个属性一起使用
Push Notification使用规范
- 当前版本的Windows Phone 只支持最多15 个第三方应用程序使用推送服务通知服务
- 应用程序必须内置询问用户是否使用推送通知服务的功能
- 应用程序必须内置用户可以取消推送通知服务的功能
Demo 演示
关于Push Notification 的事件为如下：
//注册URI
httpChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelUriEventArgs>(httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated);
//发生错误的事件
httpChannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs>(httpChannel_ErrorOccurred);
//Raw 推送通知服务事件
httpChannel.HttpNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<HttpNotificationEventArgs>(httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived);
//toast 推送通知服务事件
httpChannel.ShellToastNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<NotificationEventArgs>(httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived);
httpChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelUriEventArgs>(httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated);
//发生错误的事件
httpChannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs>(httpChannel_ErrorOccurred);
//Raw 推送通知服务事件
httpChannel.HttpNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<HttpNotificationEventArgs>(httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived);
//toast 推送通知服务事件
httpChannel.ShellToastNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<NotificationEventArgs>(httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived);
我们可以在需要注册的地方使用，Windows Phone 的大致使用代码为如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using Microsoft.Phone.Controls;
///引用通知服务命名空间
using Microsoft.Phone.Notification;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
namespace PushNotificationDemo
{
public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
{
private HttpNotificationChannel httpChannel;
private const string channelName = "Channel";
// Constructor
public MainPage()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void linkButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
httpChannel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(channelName);
//如果存在就删除
if (httpChannel!=null)
{
httpChannel.Close();
httpChannel.Dispose();
}
httpChannel = new HttpNotificationChannel(channelName, "NotificationServer");
//注册URI
httpChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelUriEventArgs>(httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated);
//发生错误的事件
httpChannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs>(httpChannel_ErrorOccurred);
//Raw 推送通知服务事件
httpChannel.HttpNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<HttpNotificationEventArgs>(httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived);
//toast 推送通知服务事件
httpChannel.ShellToastNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<NotificationEventArgs>(httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived);
//打开连接
httpChannel.Open();
//绑定toast 推送服务
httpChannel.BindToShellToast();
//绑定Tokens (tile) 推送服务
httpChannel.BindToShellTile();
}
void httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived(object sender, NotificationEventArgs e)
{
string msg = string.Empty;
foreach (var key in e.Collection.Keys)
{
msg += key + " : " + e.Collection[key] + Environment.NewLine;
}
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
msgTextBlock.Text = msg;
});
}
void httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived(object sender, HttpNotificationEventArgs e)
{
//Raw 支持任意格式数据
using (var reader=new StreamReader(e.Notification.Body))
{
string msg = reader.ReadToEnd();
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
msgTextBlock.Text = msg;
});
}
}
void httpChannel_ErrorOccurred(object sender, NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs e)
{
//子线程中更新UI
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
msgTextBlock.Text = e.Message;
} );
}
void httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated(object sender, NotificationChannelUriEventArgs e)
{
Debug.WriteLine("CahnnelUri:{0}",e.ChannelUri);
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
linkButton.IsEnabled = false;
});
}
}
}
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using Microsoft.Phone.Controls;
///引用通知服务命名空间
using Microsoft.Phone.Notification;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
namespace PushNotificationDemo
{
public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
{
private HttpNotificationChannel httpChannel;
private const string channelName = "Channel";
// Constructor
public MainPage()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void linkButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
httpChannel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(channelName);
//如果存在就删除
if (httpChannel!=null)
{
httpChannel.Close();
httpChannel.Dispose();
}
httpChannel = new HttpNotificationChannel(channelName, "NotificationServer");
//注册URI
httpChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelUriEventArgs>(httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated);
//发生错误的事件
httpChannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs>(httpChannel_ErrorOccurred);
//Raw 推送通知服务事件
httpChannel.HttpNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<HttpNotificationEventArgs>(httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived);
//toast 推送通知服务事件
httpChannel.ShellToastNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<NotificationEventArgs>(httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived);
//打开连接
httpChannel.Open();
//绑定toast 推送服务
httpChannel.BindToShellToast();
//绑定Tokens (tile) 推送服务
httpChannel.BindToShellTile();
}
void httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived(object sender, NotificationEventArgs e)
{
string msg = string.Empty;
foreach (var key in e.Collection.Keys)
{
msg += key + " : " + e.Collection[key] + Environment.NewLine;
}
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
msgTextBlock.Text = msg;
});
}
void httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived(object sender, HttpNotificationEventArgs e)
{
//Raw 支持任意格式数据
using (var reader=new StreamReader(e.Notification.Body))
{
string msg = reader.ReadToEnd();
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
msgTextBlock.Text = msg;
});
}
}
void httpChannel_ErrorOccurred(object sender, NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs e)
{
//子线程中更新UI
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
msgTextBlock.Text = e.Message;
} );
}
void httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated(object sender, NotificationChannelUriEventArgs e)
{
Debug.WriteLine("CahnnelUri:{0}",e.ChannelUri);
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
linkButton.IsEnabled = false;
});
}
}
}
之后，我们新建一个Windows Form 应用程序，做为Cloud server 。
首先，新建一个枚举，创建三个枚举项为如下：
public enum notificationType
{
raw,
toast,
tokens
}
{
raw,
toast,
tokens
}
然后编写发送通知服务通用方法体：
void sendNotificationType(byte[] payLoad,notificationType type)
{
// The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel.
HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text);
// HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification.
sendNotificationRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;
// The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the
// same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID.
sendNotificationRequest.Headers["X-MessageID"] = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
if (type==notificationType.raw)
{
// Sets raw notification
sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "3");
// Possible batching interval values:
// 3: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
// 13: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
// 23: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.
}
else if (type == notificationType.tokens)
{
// Sets toast notification
sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "token");
sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "1");
// Possible batching interval values:
// 1: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
// 11: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
// 21: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.
}
else if (type==notificationType.toast)
{
// Sets toast notification
sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "toast");
sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "2");
// Possible batching interval values:
// 2: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
// 12: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
// 22: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.
}
// Sets the web request content length.
sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength = payLoad.Length;
// Sets the notification payload to send.
byte[] notificationMessage = payLoad;
// Sends the notification.
using (Stream requestStream = sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())
{
requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);
}
// Gets the response.
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();
string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];
string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];
string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"];
MsgLabel.Text = String.Format("通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2}",
notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus);
}
{
// The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel.
HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text);
// HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification.
sendNotificationRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;
// The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the
// same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID.
sendNotificationRequest.Headers["X-MessageID"] = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
if (type==notificationType.raw)
{
// Sets raw notification
sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "3");
// Possible batching interval values:
// 3: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
// 13: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
// 23: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.
}
else if (type == notificationType.tokens)
{
// Sets toast notification
sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "token");
sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "1");
// Possible batching interval values:
// 1: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
// 11: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
// 21: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.
}
else if (type==notificationType.toast)
{
// Sets toast notification
sendNotificationRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "toast");
sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "2");
// Possible batching interval values:
// 2: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
// 12: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
// 22: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.
}
// Sets the web request content length.
sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength = payLoad.Length;
// Sets the notification payload to send.
byte[] notificationMessage = payLoad;
// Sends the notification.
using (Stream requestStream = sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())
{
requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);
}
// Gets the response.
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();
string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];
string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];
string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"];
MsgLabel.Text = String.Format("通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2}",
notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus);
}
设置点击后，请求微软做推送服务：
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string msg = String.Format("{0}{1}, {2}度", LocationComboBox.Text,
WeatherComboBox.Text, TemperatureTextBox.Text);
string type = NotificationTypeComboBox.Text as string;
if (type == "Raw")
{
byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(msg);
sendNotificationType(strBytes,notificationType.raw);
}
else if (type == "Toast")
{
string toastMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" +
"<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\">" +
"<wp:Toast>" +
"<wp:Text1>天气更新</wp:Text1>" +
"<wp:Text2>" + msg + "</wp:Text2>" +
"</wp:Toast>" +
"</wp:Notification>";
byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(toastMessage);
sendNotificationType(strBytes,notificationType.toast);
}
else if (type == "Tile")
{
string tileMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" +
"<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\">" +
"<wp:Tile>" +
"<wp:BackgroundImage>/Images/" + WeatherComboBox.Text + ".png</wp:BackgroundImage>" +
"<wp:Count>" + TemperatureTextBox.Text + "</wp:Count>" +
"<wp:Title>" + LocationComboBox.Text + "</wp:Title>" +
"</wp:Tile> " +
"</wp:Notification>";
byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(tileMessage);
sendNotificationType(strBytes, notificationType.tokens);
}
}
{
string msg = String.Format("{0}{1}, {2}度", LocationComboBox.Text,
WeatherComboBox.Text, TemperatureTextBox.Text);
string type = NotificationTypeComboBox.Text as string;
if (type == "Raw")
{
byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(msg);
sendNotificationType(strBytes,notificationType.raw);
}
else if (type == "Toast")
{
string toastMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" +
"<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\">" +
"<wp:Toast>" +
"<wp:Text1>天气更新</wp:Text1>" +
"<wp:Text2>" + msg + "</wp:Text2>" +
"</wp:Toast>" +
"</wp:Notification>";
byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(toastMessage);
sendNotificationType(strBytes,notificationType.toast);
}
else if (type == "Tile")
{
string tileMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" +
"<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\">" +
"<wp:Tile>" +
"<wp:BackgroundImage>/Images/" + WeatherComboBox.Text + ".png</wp:BackgroundImage>" +
"<wp:Count>" + TemperatureTextBox.Text + "</wp:Count>" +
"<wp:Title>" + LocationComboBox.Text + "</wp:Title>" +
"</wp:Tile> " +
"</wp:Notification>";
byte[] strBytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(tileMessage);
sendNotificationType(strBytes, notificationType.tokens);
}
}
注：本篇URI是通过打印得到。然后赋值给Windows Form 应用程序，如下图：
例子运行效果如下图：
上图为Raw notification运行效果
运行时的Toast
不运行时的Taost
Tokens 运行效果
源码下载：
注：本篇文章代码参考自Jake lin 关于推送通知服务的视频，希望大家多支持jake lin 或者可以通过IREAPER下载 。
