h.264 FMO

在H.264之前的标准中,比如H.263,其比特流中的数据是按照一个宏块接一个宏块的方式排列的,一旦发生丢包,很多相邻宏块信息都会丢失,很难进行错误隐藏处理。在H.264中加入了一项新特性:把宏块在比特流中的数据按照一定的映射规则进行排列,而不一定按照原本的光栅扫描顺序排列,这种方称为灵活的宏块重拍FMO(Flexible Macroblock Ordering)。

FMO是基于组的方式将宏块集合起来,把一帧内的宏块划分到不同的条带组(slice group)。当然在最后也需要对条带组按光栅扫描顺序划分条带(slice)。在h.264中,当slice group被设为大于1时才使用FMO。在代码端看来,FMO时,主要是对映射表(数组)的设置,如下第一个表:

 

对一帧进行FMO:

0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1

 

得到slice group有三个:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0        
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2          

然后再对每个slice group按照光栅扫描顺序进行排序,分割出slice,下面为分割slice group 0(假设slice长度为16)

slice 1 in slice group 0: 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

slice 2 in slice group 0:

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

 

 

FMO在h.264中有7种(FMO0 ~ FMO6)

FMO0

FMO0,交织映射。交织映射是指不同的slice group交替出现。

如下设置了slice group 0 = 10,slice group 1 = 15,slice group 2 = 18

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

JM code如下:

/*!
 ************************************************************************
 * \brief
 *    Generate interleaved slice group map type MapUnit map (type 0)
 *
 * \param img
 *    Image Parameter to be used for map generation
 * \param pps
 *    Picture Parameter set to be used for map generation
 ************************************************************************
 */
static void FmoGenerateType0MapUnitMap (ImageParameters * img, pic_parameter_set_rbsp_t * pps )
{
  unsigned iGroup, j;
  unsigned i = 0;
  do
  {
    for( iGroup = 0; 
    (iGroup <= pps->num_slice_groups_minus1) && (i < PicSizeInMapUnits); 
    i += pps->run_length_minus1[iGroup++] + 1)
    {
      for( j = 0; j <= pps->run_length_minus1[ iGroup ] && i + j < PicSizeInMapUnits; j++ )
        MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[i+j] = iGroup;
    }
  }
  while( i < PicSizeInMapUnits );
}

 

 

FMO1

FMO1,分散映射。每个宏块相邻的宏块都不在同一组。x方向上的宏块按照slice group序号递增分配,y方向第一个宏块按照0,slice group numbers/2交替分配。

0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2
0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1

 JM code 如下:

 
/*!
 ************************************************************************
 * \brief
 *    Generate dispersed slice group map type MapUnit map (type 1)
 *
 * \param img
 *    Image Parameter to be used for map generation
 * \param pps
 *    Picture Parameter set to be used for map generation
 ************************************************************************
 */
static void FmoGenerateType1MapUnitMap (ImageParameters * img, pic_parameter_set_rbsp_t * pps )
{
  unsigned i;
  for( i = 0; i < PicSizeInMapUnits; i++ )
  {
    MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[i] = ((i%img->PicWidthInMbs)+(((i/img->PicWidthInMbs)*(pps->num_slice_groups_minus1+1))/2))
      %(pps->num_slice_groups_minus1+1);
  }
}

 

 

FMO2

FMO2,前后景映射。以整个帧作为背景,该模式可以通过(左上角坐标,右下角坐标)的方式指定前景,每个前景都为一个slice group,最先指定的前景可以覆盖后来指定的前景。

假设有

slice group 0(3,4)(8,8)

slice group 1(1,2)(6,6)

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

 JM code如下:

/*!
 ************************************************************************
 * \brief
 *    Generate foreground with left-over slice group map type MapUnit map (type 2)
 *
 * \param img
 *    Image Parameter to be used for map generation
 * \param pps
 *    Picture Parameter set to be used for map generation
 ************************************************************************
 */
static void FmoGenerateType2MapUnitMap (ImageParameters * img, pic_parameter_set_rbsp_t * pps )
{
  int iGroup;
  unsigned i, x, y;
  unsigned yTopLeft, xTopLeft, yBottomRight, xBottomRight;
  
  for( i = 0; i < PicSizeInMapUnits; i++ )
    MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[ i ] = pps->num_slice_groups_minus1;
  
  for( iGroup = pps->num_slice_groups_minus1 - 1 ; iGroup >= 0; iGroup-- ) 
  {
    yTopLeft = pps->top_left[ iGroup ] / img->PicWidthInMbs;
    xTopLeft = pps->top_left[ iGroup ] % img->PicWidthInMbs;
    yBottomRight = pps->bottom_right[ iGroup ] / img->PicWidthInMbs;
    xBottomRight = pps->bottom_right[ iGroup ] % img->PicWidthInMbs;
    for( y = yTopLeft; y <= yBottomRight; y++ )
      for( x = xTopLeft; x <= xBottomRight; x++ )
        MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[ y * img->PicWidthInMbs + x ] = iGroup;
  }
}

 

 

FMO3

FMO3,环形扫描映射。在JM中,环形扫描映射把一帧分为两个slice group,一个是以一帧为背景,另一个是以环作为的前景(其实环可以扩展到更多的group)。环的起点是帧的中心位置,通过指定环的运动方向(顺时针或逆时针)以及环的长度即可得到前景。

以下为顺时针,环长度为32

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 1
1 1 1 19 6 7 8 9 26 1 1
1 1 1 18 5 0 1 10 27 1 1
1 1 1 17 4 3 2 11 28 1 1
1 1 1 16 15 14 13 12 29 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 31 30 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

 

 JM code 如下:

/*!
 ************************************************************************
 * \brief
 *    Generate box-out slice group map type MapUnit map (type 3)
 *
 * \param img
 *    Image Parameter to be used for map generation
 * \param pps
 *    Picture Parameter set to be used for map generation
 ************************************************************************
 */
static void FmoGenerateType3MapUnitMap (ImageParameters * img, pic_parameter_set_rbsp_t * pps )
{
  unsigned i, k;
  int leftBound, topBound, rightBound, bottomBound;
  int x, y, xDir, yDir;
  int mapUnitVacant;
  
  unsigned mapUnitsInSliceGroup0 = min((pps->slice_group_change_rate_minus1 + 1) * img->slice_group_change_cycle, PicSizeInMapUnits);
  
  for( i = 0; i < PicSizeInMapUnits; i++ )
    MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[ i ] = 2;
  
  x = ( img->PicWidthInMbs - pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag ) / 2;
  y = ( img->PicHeightInMapUnits - pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag ) / 2;
  
  leftBound   = x;
  topBound    = y;
  rightBound  = x;
  bottomBound = y;
  
  xDir =  pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag - 1;
  yDir =  pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag;
  
  for( k = 0; k < PicSizeInMapUnits; k += mapUnitVacant ) 
  {
    mapUnitVacant = ( MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[ y * img->PicWidthInMbs + x ]  ==  2 );
    if( mapUnitVacant )
      MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[ y * img->PicWidthInMbs + x ] = ( k >= mapUnitsInSliceGroup0 );
    
    if( xDir  ==  -1  &&  x  ==  leftBound ) 
    {
      leftBound = max( leftBound - 1, 0 );
      x = leftBound;
      xDir = 0;
      yDir = 2 * pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag - 1;
    }
    else 
      if( xDir  ==  1  &&  x  ==  rightBound ) 
      {
        rightBound = min( rightBound + 1, (int)img->PicWidthInMbs - 1 );
        x = rightBound;
        xDir = 0;
        yDir = 1 - 2 * pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag;
      }
      else
        if( yDir  ==  -1  &&  y  ==  topBound ) 
        {
          topBound = max( topBound - 1, 0 );
          y = topBound;
          xDir = 1 - 2 * pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag;
          yDir = 0;
        }
        else 
          if( yDir  ==  1  &&  y  ==  bottomBound ) 
          {
            bottomBound = min( bottomBound + 1, (int)img->PicHeightInMapUnits - 1 );
            y = bottomBound;
            xDir = 2 * pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag - 1;
            yDir = 0;
          }
          else
          {
            x = x + xDir;
            y = y + yDir;
          }
  }
  
}

 

 

FMO4

FMO4,光栅扫描映射。该模式只支持两个slice group,按照光栅扫描顺序来分组,方向有正向与反向之分。

如下为反向FMO4(始于右下角):

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 JM code 如下:

/*!
 ************************************************************************
 * \brief
 *    Generate raster scan slice group map type MapUnit map (type 4)
 *
 * \param img
 *    Image Parameter to be used for map generation
 * \param pps
 *    Picture Parameter set to be used for map generation
 ************************************************************************
 */
static void FmoGenerateType4MapUnitMap (ImageParameters * img, pic_parameter_set_rbsp_t * pps )
{
  
  unsigned mapUnitsInSliceGroup0 = min((pps->slice_group_change_rate_minus1 + 1) * img->slice_group_change_cycle, PicSizeInMapUnits);
  unsigned sizeOfUpperLeftGroup = pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag ? ( PicSizeInMapUnits - mapUnitsInSliceGroup0 ) : mapUnitsInSliceGroup0;
  
  unsigned i;
  
  for( i = 0; i < PicSizeInMapUnits; i++ )
    if( i < sizeOfUpperLeftGroup )
      MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[ i ] = pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag;
    else
      MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[ i ] = 1 - pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag;
    
}

 

 

FMO5

FMO5,擦式扫描映射。仅支持两个slice group,扫描方式为纵向,也有正反两个方向

如下为正向FMO5(始于左上角):

0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

 JM code 如下:

/*!
 ************************************************************************
 * \brief
 *    Generate wipe slice group map type MapUnit map (type 5)
 *
 * \param img
 *    Image Parameter to be used for map generation
 * \param pps
 *    Picture Parameter set to be used for map generation
 ************************************************************************
*/
static void FmoGenerateType5MapUnitMap (ImageParameters * img, pic_parameter_set_rbsp_t * pps )
{
  
  unsigned mapUnitsInSliceGroup0 = min((pps->slice_group_change_rate_minus1 + 1) * img->slice_group_change_cycle, PicSizeInMapUnits);
  unsigned sizeOfUpperLeftGroup = pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag ? ( PicSizeInMapUnits - mapUnitsInSliceGroup0 ) : mapUnitsInSliceGroup0;
  
  unsigned i,j, k = 0;
  
  for( j = 0; j < img->PicWidthInMbs; j++ )
    for( i = 0; i < img->PicHeightInMapUnits; i++ )
      if( k++ < sizeOfUpperLeftGroup )
        MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[ i * img->PicWidthInMbs + j ] = 1 - pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag;
      else
        MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[ i * img->PicWidthInMbs + j ] = pps->slice_group_change_direction_flag;
      
}

 

 

FMO6

FMO6,显示控制映射。可以在配置文件中自由地指定每个宏块所属的slice group。

0 1 0 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1
1 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0
3 5 4 1 0 0 3 5 4 0 1
0 0 5 5 3 1 0 2 5 0 1
4 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 4 4 2
0 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 5 2 3
0 1 2 0 1 1 2 0 5 5 5
3 2 1 4 1 4 4 0 3 3 2
4 2 3 5 0 0 1 4 1 2 3

顺带一提JM支持一帧中最多为8个slice group

JM code 如下:

/*!
 ************************************************************************
 * \brief
 *    Generate explicit slice group map type MapUnit map (type 6)
 *
 * \param img
 *    Image Parameter to be used for map generation
 * \param pps
 *    Picture Parameter set to be used for map generation
 ************************************************************************
 */
static void FmoGenerateType6MapUnitMap (ImageParameters * img, pic_parameter_set_rbsp_t * pps )
{
  unsigned i;
  for (i=0; i<PicSizeInMapUnits; i++)
  {
    MapUnitToSliceGroupMap[i] = pps->slice_group_id[i];
  }
}

 

 

posted @ 2014-03-17 18:46  TaigaComplex  阅读(2422)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报