2015/11/9用Python写游戏，pygame入门(8)：按钮和游戏结束
昨天没有更新内容，今天相对多写一些。
因为我们已经基本完成游戏框架，但是游戏结束后，并不知道怎样比较好开始。我本来本着懒的原则，想结束后显示一个黑屏，然后你重新点一下鼠标就重新开始。但是那样实在太不像个热爱生活的程序员了，所以我决定用更合适的方法解决这个问题。
为此，我决定实现一个相对比较过得去的按钮。
为了实现按钮，我先创建一个测试程序体。然后在上面先实现一个按钮类的功能。
具体的测试程序，我就不详说了，反正就是你去创建一个这样的小窗口：
然后在上面完成一个按钮的类。
我设想的按钮应该是这样的，当我把鼠标移动上去的时候，它会将白底显示成灰底，移开后，又显示回白底。这其实就是两张图片的切换，所以，第一步要做的是，制作两张图，一张是白底的按钮，一张是灰底的按钮：
好了，接下来开始码这个类的功能了，首先是它的数据对象，必须得有两张图。
然后它还得有个安置它的位置坐标。
所以，它的初始化应该是这样定义的：
def __init__(self, upimage, downimage,position): self.imageUp = pygame.image.load(upimage).convert_alpha() self.imageDown = pygame.image.load(downimage).convert_alpha(）
self.position = position
然后，它应该有个方法来判断，鼠标是不是在这个按钮的上面：
def isOver(self): point_x,point_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos() x, y = self. position w, h = self.imageUp.get_size() in_x = x - w/2 < point_x < x + w/2 in_y = y - h/2 < point_y < y + h/2 return in_x and in_y
还有一个用于判断显示哪张图的方法：
def render(self): w, h = self.imageUp.get_size()
x, y = self.position if self.isOver(): screen.blit(self.imageDown, (x-w/2,y-h/2)) else: screen.blit(self.imageUp, (x-w/2, y-h/2))
好了，至此我们就做好了一个类。
将它跟我们的测试程序放在一起并且执行它：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import pygame from sys import exit pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((300,200),0,32) upImageFilename = 'game_again.png' downImageFilename = 'game_again_down.png' class Button(object): def __init__(self, upimage, downimage,position): self.imageUp = pygame.image.load(upimage).convert_alpha() self.imageDown = pygame.image.load(downimage).convert_alpha() self.position = position def isOver(self): point_x,point_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos() x, y = self. position w, h = self.imageUp.get_size() in_x = x - w/2 < point_x < x + w/2 in_y = y - h/2 < point_y < y + h/2 return in_x and in_y def render(self): w, h = self.imageUp.get_size() x, y = self.position if self.isOver(): screen.blit(self.imageDown, (x-w/2,y-h/2)) else: screen.blit(self.imageUp, (x-w/2, y-h/2)) button = Button(upImageFilename,downImageFilename, (150,100)) while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: pygame.quit() exit() screen.fill((200, 200, 200)) button.render() pygame.display.update()
就能得到一个显示按钮：
可以实现了我们的功能。
但是，等一下，我们没有写按钮的作用啊，也就是按下去就要执行的作用。
好吧，这件事反而是简单的。我们只需要判断event的时候调用isOver()方法就好了。
接下来我们来完成游戏框架了。
我想要一个开始界面，有开始按钮，游戏过程中，我想让它计分，游戏结束后可以显示最高分和我这次的分数，并且有个结束游戏和重新开始的按钮。
整个功能其实我都已经实现过了。
一步步地构造逻辑我就不多讲了，直接放代码。大家可以自己完成它。
这次代码里，我把自己的飞机也用了类实现，便于以后的拓展，有了计分模块，整个游戏用全屏模式打开。
当然整个代码还是有些乱的，不过由于大多数类和逻辑在之前已经讲过，相信还是易懂的
#-*- coding:utf-8-*- import pygame from sys import exit from random import randint from math import sqrt pygame.init() SCREEN_SIZE = (480,766) screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE,pygame.FULLSCREEN,32) pygame.display.set_caption(" Plane Fight!") count_b = 7 count_e = 50 fps = 100 ufo = pygame.image.load('ufo2.png').convert_alpha() background = pygame.image.load('background.png').convert_alpha() gameover_image = pygame.image.load('gameover.png').convert_alpha() plane_image = pygame.image.load('hero.png').convert_alpha() bullet_image = pygame.image.load('bullet.png').convert_alpha() enemy_image = pygame.image.load('enemy2.png').convert_alpha() logo = pygame.image.load('shoot_copyright.png').convert_alpha() bomb_num = pygame.image.load('bomb_num.png').convert_alpha() bomb_image = pygame.image.load('bomb.png').convert_alpha() loading = [] loading.append(pygame.image.load('game_loading1.png').convert_alpha()) loading.append(pygame.image.load('game_loading2.png').convert_alpha()) loading.append(pygame.image.load('game_loading3.png').convert_alpha()) enemydown=[] enemydown.append(pygame.image.load('enemy2_down1.png').convert_alpha()) enemydown.append(pygame.image.load('enemy2_down2.png').convert_alpha()) enemydown.append(pygame.image.load('enemy2_down3.png').convert_alpha()) enemydown.append(pygame.image.load('enemy2_down4.png').convert_alpha()) boom = [] boom.append(pygame.image.load('boom0.png').convert_alpha()) boom.append(pygame.image.load('boom1.png').convert_alpha()) boom.append(pygame.image.load('boom1.png').convert_alpha()) boom.append(pygame.image.load('boom2.png').convert_alpha()) boom.append(pygame.image.load('boom2.png').convert_alpha()) backmusic=pygame.mixer.Sound('game_music.ogg') buttonmusic = pygame.mixer.Sound('button.ogg') bulletmusic = pygame.mixer.Sound('bullet.wav') enemydownmusic = pygame.mixer.Sound('enemy1_down.wav') gameovermusic = pygame.mixer.Sound('game_over.ogg') getbombmusic = pygame.mixer.Sound('get_bomb.wav') usebombmusic = pygame.mixer.Sound('use_bomb.wav') buttonmusic.set_volume(0.2) bulletmusic.set_volume(0.04) gameovermusic.set_volume(0.5) enemydownmusic.set_volume(0.1) channel = backmusic.play(-1) channel.set_volume(0.1,0.1) channel.pause() font1 = pygame.font.Font(None,64) font2 = pygame.font.Font(None,128) clock = pygame.time.Clock() def showLoading(count,pos): n = count/50 x, y = pos w, h = loading[2].get_size() x -= w/2 y -= h/2 if n <3: screen.blit(loading[n],(x,y)) class Button(object): def __init__(self, upimage, downimage, position): self.image_up = pygame.image.load(upimage).convert_alpha() self.image_down = pygame.image.load(downimage).convert_alpha() self.position = position self.button_out = True def is_over(self): point_x, point_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos() x, y = self.position w, h = self.image_up.get_size() x -= w/2 y -= h/2 in_x = x < point_x < x + w in_y = y < point_y < y + h return in_x and in_y def render(self, surface): x, y = self.position w, h = self.image_up.get_size() x -= w/2 y -= h/2 if self.is_over(): surface.blit(self.image_down, (x, y)) if self.button_out == True: buttonmusic.play() self.button_out = False else: surface.blit(self.image_up, (x, y)) self.button_out = True class Hero(object): def restart(self): self.x = 200 self.y = 600 def __init__(self): self.restart() self.image = plane_image def move(self, time_passed_seconds): mouseX, mouseY = pygame.mouse.get_pos() self.x = mouseX - self.image.get_width()/2 self.y = mouseY - self.image.get_height()/2 class Bullet(object): def __init__(self): self.x = 0 self.y = -1 self.image = bullet_image self.active = False def move(self,time_passed_seconds): if self.active : self.y -= 700 * time_passed_seconds if self.y < 0: self.active = False def restart(self,flag): mouseX, mouseY = pygame.mouse.get_pos() if flag == 1: self.x = mouseX - self.image.get_width()/2 self.y = mouseY - self.image.get_height()/2 if flag == 2: self.x = mouseX - self.image.get_width()/2 + 33 self.y = mouseY - self.image.get_height()/2 self.active = True class Enemy(object): def restart(self, score): self.x = randint(-30,440) self.y = randint(-200,-100) self.speed = randint(min(200+score/80,400),min(400+score/40,700)) self.active = True self.count = -1 def __init__(self,): self.restart(0) self.image = enemy_image self.active = False def move(self,time_passed_seconds): if self.y < SCREEN_SIZE[1]: self.y += self.speed * time_passed_seconds else: self.active = False def showDown(self): n = self.count/10 screen.blit(enemydown[n],(self.x,self.y)) self.count += 1 if self.count >= 39: self.count = -1 class Bomb(object): def __init__(self): self.image = bomb_image (self.x , self.y) = (-100,-100) self.boom_x, self.boom_y = 0,0 self.speed = 800 self.active = False self.is_boom = False self.boomcount = 0 def shoot(self): self.x, self.y = pygame.mouse.get_pos() self.x -= self.image.get_width()/2 self.y -= self.image.get_height()/2 self.active = True def move(self,time_passed_seconds): if self.y > 250: self.y -= self.speed*time_passed_seconds else: self.active = False self.is_boom = True self.boom_x, self.boom_y = self.x , self.y usebombmusic.play() def checkBoom(self,enemy): if enemy.x - 60 < self.x < enemy.x + enemy.image.get_width()+60\ and enemy.y < self.y < enemy.y + enemy.image.get_height(): self.active = False self.is_boom = True self.boom_x, self.boom_y = self.x , self.y usebombmusic.play() def checkHit(self,enemy): a = float(self.x - (enemy.x + enemy.image.get_width()/2)) b = float(self.y - (enemy.y + enemy.image.get_height()/2)) l = sqrt(a**2 + b**2) if l < 250: enemy.active = False enemy.count = 1 return True else: return False def boom(self): n = self.boomcount/10 screen.blit(boom[n],(self.boom_x-boom[n].get_width()/2, self.boom_y-boom[n].get_height()/2)) self.boomcount += 1 if self.boomcount >= 49: self.is_boom = False self.boomcount = 0 class Ufo(object): def restart(self): self.x = randint(-30,440) self.y = -107 self.speed = 250 def __init__(self): self.image = ufo self.restart() self.active = False def move(self,time_passed_seconds): if self.y < SCREEN_SIZE[1]: self.y += self.speed * time_passed_seconds else: self.active = False def checkGet(self,plane): if plane.x - 60 < self.x < plane.x + plane.image.get_width()+60\ and plane.y -80 < self.y < plane.y + plane.image.get_height(): self.active = False getbombmusic.play() return True else: return False def checkHit(enemy,bullet): if enemy.x < bullet.x < enemy.x + enemy.image.get_width() \ and enemy.y < bullet.y < enemy.y + enemy.image.get_height(): enemy.active = False bullet.active = False enemydownmusic.play() enemy.count+=1 return True else: return False def checkCrash(enemy,plane): if plane.x + 0.3*plane.image.get_width()< enemy.x + enemy.image.get_width() and\ enemy.x < plane.x + 0.7*plane.image.get_width() and \ plane.y + 0.3*plane.image.get_height() < enemy.y + enemy.image.get_height()and\ enemy.y < plane.y + 0.7*plane.image.get_height(): return True else: return False def showWelcome(gameStart,gameOver): for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type in (pygame.QUIT,pygame.KEYDOWN): pygame.quit() exit() if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP: if gameStart.is_over(): return False elif gameOver.is_over(): pygame.quit() exit() screen.blit(background, (0,0)) screen.blit(logo, ((SCREEN_SIZE[0]-logo.get_width())/2,100)) gameStart.render(screen) gameOver.render(screen) return True def run(): sound = True gameStart = Button('game_start.png','game_start_down.png',(SCREEN_SIZE[0]/2,SCREEN_SIZE[1]*8/12)) gameOver = Button('game_over.png','game_over_down.png',(SCREEN_SIZE[0]/2,SCREEN_SIZE[1]*11/12)) gameAgain = Button('game_again.png','game_again_down.png',(SCREEN_SIZE[0]/2,SCREEN_SIZE[1]*10/12)) gameContinue = Button('game_continue.png','game_continue_down.png',(SCREEN_SIZE[0]/2,SCREEN_SIZE[1]*9/12)) loadingCount = 0 while showWelcome(gameStart,gameOver): time_passed = clock.tick(100) loadingCount = (loadingCount+1) % 200 showLoading(loadingCount,(SCREEN_SIZE[0]/2,SCREEN_SIZE[1]*19/24)) pygame.display.update() pygame.mouse.set_visible(False) plane = Hero() bullets1 = [] bullets2 = [] for i in range(count_b): bullets1.append(Bullet()) bullets2.append(Bullet()) index_b1 = 0 interval_b1 = 0 #index_b2 = 0 #interval_b2 = 0 enemies = [] for i in range(count_e): enemies.append(Enemy()) index_e = 0 interval_e = 0 ufo = Ufo() SCORE = 15000 maxScore = 0 BOMBnum = 3 bomb = Bomb() gameover = False gamePause = False bombflag = True event = pygame.event.wait() while True: time_passed = clock.tick(fps) time_passed_seconds = time_passed / 1000.0 for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE: pygame.quit() exit() if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: gamePause = True if gamePause: channel.pause() pygame.mouse.set_visible(True) screen.blit(background,(0,0)) screen.blit(logo, ((SCREEN_SIZE[0]-logo.get_width())/2,100)) gameOver.render(screen) gameAgain.render(screen) gameContinue.render(screen) bombflag = True if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP: if gameOver.is_over(): pygame.quit() exit() elif gameAgain.is_over(): pygame.mouse.set_visible(False) gamePause = False SCORE = 0 for e in enemies: e.active = False elif gameContinue.is_over(): pygame.mouse.set_visible(False) gamePause = False elif not gameover: if randint(1,1000)==1 and ufo.active == False: ufo.active = True ufo.restart() channel.unpause() screen.blit(background,(0,0)) screen.blit(bomb_num,(SCREEN_SIZE[0]-160,SCREEN_SIZE[1]-65)) text = font1.render(" x %d"%BOMBnum,1,(80,80,80)) screen.blit(text,(SCREEN_SIZE[0]-100,SCREEN_SIZE[1]-60)) interval_b1 -= 1 # interval_b2 -= 1 interval_e -= 1 if interval_b1 < 0: bullets1[index_b1].restart(1) interval_b1 = fps/count_b index_b1 = (index_b1 + 1)% count_b bulletmusic.play() for b in bullets1: if b.active: b.move(time_passed_seconds) screen.blit(b.image, (b.x,b.y)) for e in enemies: if e.active: if checkHit(e, b): SCORE += 100 if interval_e < 0: enemies[index_e].restart(SCORE) interval_e = randint(max(0,30-SCORE/250),max(7,50-SCORE/700)) index_e = (index_e + 1)% count_e if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP and BOMBnum>0 : if bombflag == False and bomb.active == False: bomb.active = True bomb.shoot() BOMBnum -= 1 bombflag = True else: bombflag = False if bomb.active: for e in enemies: if e.active: bomb.checkBoom(e) bomb.move(time_passed_seconds) screen.blit(bomb.image,(bomb.x,bomb.y)) if bomb.is_boom: bomb.boom() for e in enemies: if e.active: if bomb.checkHit(e): SCORE += 100 for e in enemies: if e.active: if checkCrash(e,plane): gameover = True e.move(time_passed_seconds) screen.blit(e.image, (e.x, e.y)) if e.count != -1: e.showDown() if ufo.active: ufo.move(time_passed_seconds) if ufo.checkGet(plane): BOMBnum += 1 screen.blit(ufo.image,(ufo.x,ufo.y)) plane.move(time_passed_seconds) screen.blit(plane.image, (plane.x,plane.y)) text = font1.render("Score: %d"%SCORE,1,(0,0,0)) screen.blit(text,(0,0)) else: bombflag = True channel.pause() if sound == True: gameovermusic.play() sound = False if SCORE > maxScore: maxScore = SCORE Score = font2.render(str(SCORE),1,(50,50,50)) mScore = font1.render(str(maxScore),1,(50,50,50)) screen.blit(gameover_image,(0,0)) screen.blit(mScore,(150,40)) screen.blit(Score,(240-Score.get_width()/2, 375)) gameAgain.render(screen) gameOver.render(screen) pygame.mouse.set_visible(True) if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP: if gameAgain.is_over(): pygame.mouse.set_visible(False) ufo.active = False gameover = False plane.restart() SCORE = 0 sound = True BOMBnum = 3 for e in enemies: e.active = False elif gameOver.is_over(): pygame.quit() exit() pygame.display.update() if __name__ == '__main__': run()
pygame的这部分内容到这里也差不多了。这个蹩脚的飞机大战的基本功能也算是勉强实现了。
不过我还会再写一篇添加音乐和击毁动画的部分。
写的东西很基础，适合初学者看，能给大家以帮助的话，那是最好不过了。
但是自己底子太薄，没办法说更多的东西，所以我会学更多的东西，才可能分享更多的东西。
同样，分享的过程也是知识梳理的一个过程。挺棒的。
