C++ std::pair 与 std::make_pair
std::pair主要的作用是将两个数据组合成一个数据,两个数据可以是同一类型或者不同类型。例如std::pair<int,float> 或者 std::pair<double,double>等。pair实质上是一个结构体,其主要的两个成员变量是first和second,这两个变量可以直接使用。初始化一个pair可以使用构造函数,也可以使用std::make_pair函数,make_pair函数的定义如下:
template pair make_pair(T1 a, T2 b) { return pair(a, b); }
一般make_pair都使用在需要pair做参数的位置,可以直接调用make_pair生成pair对象。 另一个使用的方面就是pair可以接受隐式的类型转换,这样可以获得更高的灵活度。但是这样会出现如下问题:例如有如下两个定义:
std::pair<int, float>(1, 1.1);
std::make_pair(1, 1.1);
std::make_pair(1, 1.1);
其中第一个的second变量是float类型,而make_pair函数会将second变量都转换成double类型。这个问题在编程是需要引起注意。下面是一段pair与make_pair的例子程序:
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <utility>
3 #include <string>
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main () {
7 pair <string,double> product1 ("tomatoes",3.25);
8 pair <string,double> product2;
9 pair <string,double> product3;
10
11 product2.first = "lightbulbs"; // type of first is string
12 product2.second = 0.99; // type of second is double
13
14 product3 = make_pair ("shoes",20.0);
15
16 cout << "The price of " << product1.first << " is $" << product1.second << "\n";
17 cout << "The price of " << product2.first << " is $" << product2.second << "\n";
18 cout << "The price of " << product3.first << " is $" << product3.second << "\n";
19 return 0;
20 }
2 #include <utility>
3 #include <string>
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main () {
7 pair <string,double> product1 ("tomatoes",3.25);
8 pair <string,double> product2;
9 pair <string,double> product3;
10
11 product2.first = "lightbulbs"; // type of first is string
12 product2.second = 0.99; // type of second is double
13
14 product3 = make_pair ("shoes",20.0);
15
16 cout << "The price of " << product1.first << " is $" << product1.second << "\n";
17 cout << "The price of " << product2.first << " is $" << product2.second << "\n";
18 cout << "The price of " << product3.first << " is $" << product3.second << "\n";
19 return 0;
20 }
其运行结果如下:
1 The price of tomatoes is $3.25
2 The price of lightbulbs is $0.99
3 The price of shoes is $20
2 The price of lightbulbs is $0.99
3 The price of shoes is $20
为了更好的了解pair与make_pair的机制,下面是其定义:
1 // TEMPLATE STRUCT pair
2 template<class _Ty1,class _Ty2> struct pair
3 { // store a pair of values
4 typedef pair<_Ty1, _Ty2> _Myt;
5 typedef _Ty1 first_type;
6 typedef _Ty2 second_type;
7
8 pair(): first(_Ty1()), second(_Ty2())
9 { // construct from defaults
10 }
11
12 pair(const _Ty1& _Val1, const _Ty2& _Val2): first(_Val1), second(_Val2)
13 { // construct from specified values
14 }
15
16 template<class _Other1,
17 class _Other2>
18 pair(const pair<_Other1, _Other2>& _Right)
19 : first(_Right.first), second(_Right.second)
20 { // construct from compatible pair
21 }
22
23 void swap(_Myt& _Right)
24 { // exchange contents with _Right
25 std::swap(first, _Right.first);
26 std::swap(second, _Right.second);
27 }
28
29 _Ty1 first; // the first stored value
30 _Ty2 second; // the second stored value
31 };
32
33
34 template<class _Ty1,class _Ty2> inline
35 pair<_Ty1, _Ty2> make_pair(_Ty1 _Val1, _Ty2 _Val2)
36 { // return pair composed from arguments
37 return (pair<_Ty1, _Ty2>(_Val1, _Val2));
38 }
2 template<class _Ty1,class _Ty2> struct pair
3 { // store a pair of values
4 typedef pair<_Ty1, _Ty2> _Myt;
5 typedef _Ty1 first_type;
6 typedef _Ty2 second_type;
7
8 pair(): first(_Ty1()), second(_Ty2())
9 { // construct from defaults
10 }
11
12 pair(const _Ty1& _Val1, const _Ty2& _Val2): first(_Val1), second(_Val2)
13 { // construct from specified values
14 }
15
16 template<class _Other1,
17 class _Other2>
18 pair(const pair<_Other1, _Other2>& _Right)
19 : first(_Right.first), second(_Right.second)
20 { // construct from compatible pair
21 }
22
23 void swap(_Myt& _Right)
24 { // exchange contents with _Right
25 std::swap(first, _Right.first);
26 std::swap(second, _Right.second);
27 }
28
29 _Ty1 first; // the first stored value
30 _Ty2 second; // the second stored value
31 };
32
33
34 template<class _Ty1,class _Ty2> inline
35 pair<_Ty1, _Ty2> make_pair(_Ty1 _Val1, _Ty2 _Val2)
36 { // return pair composed from arguments
37 return (pair<_Ty1, _Ty2>(_Val1, _Val2));
38 }