2016 Multi-University Training Contest 6
5/12
2016 Multi-University Training Contest 6
打表找规律/推公式 A A Boring Question(BH)
题意:
,意思就是在[0,n]里选择m个数字的相邻数字二项式组合的积的总和。
思路:
想了好久,不会,但是这题有300多人过,怀疑人生。。。
打了个表:
n=0, m=2, ans=1
n=1, m=2, ans=3
n=2, m=2, ans=7
n=3, m=2, ans=15
n=4, m=2, ans=31
n=5, m=2, ans=63
n=6, m=2, ans=127
n=7, m=2, ans=900198674
n=8, m=2, ans=1590575918
n=0, m=3, ans=1
n=1, m=3, ans=4
n=2, m=3, ans=13
n=3, m=3, ans=40
n=4, m=3, ans=121
n=5, m=3, ans=364
n=6, m=3, ans=1093
n=7, m=3, ans=-457914394
n=8, m=3, ans=-624508303
n=0, m=4, ans=1
n=1, m=4, ans=5
n=2, m=4, ans=21
n=3, m=4, ans=85
n=4, m=4, ans=341
n=5, m=4, ans=1365
n=6, m=4, ans=5461
n=7, m=4, ans=-914025821
n=8, m=4, ans=-1903277640
n=0, m=5, ans=1
n=1, m=5, ans=6
n=2, m=5, ans=31
n=3, m=5, ans=156
n=4, m=5, ans=781
n=5, m=5, ans=3906
n=6, m=5, ans=19531
n=7, m=5, ans=-681221710
n=8, m=5, ans=1872878440
n=0, m=6, ans=1
n=1, m=6, ans=7
n=2, m=6, ans=43
n=3, m=6, ans=259
n=4, m=6, ans=1555
n=5, m=6, ans=9331
n=6, m=6, ans=55987
n=7, m=6, ans=-199384196
n=8, m=6, ans=638696943
按照m排序就能看出规律,想到比赛快结束的时候,最后没时间交题了,好气啊。
官方解答:
代码:
#include <bits/stdc++.h> typedef unsigned long long ll; const int N = 1e5 + 5; const int MOD = 1000000007; int fact[N]; void init_fact(int n) { fact[0] = 1; for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) { fact[i] = (ll) fact[i-1] * i % MOD; } } int pow_mod(int x, int n, int MOD) { int ret = 1; for (; n; n>>=1) { if (n & 1) ret = (ll) ret * x % MOD; x = (ll) x * x % MOD; } return ret; } int Inv(int x) { return pow_mod (x, MOD - 2, MOD); } int n, m; int tot; int k[N], b[N]; int calc() { int ret = 0; int tmp = 1; for (int i=2; i<=m; ++i) { tmp = (ll) tmp * fact[b[i]] % MOD; } ret = (ll) fact[k[m]] * Inv (fact[k[1]]) % MOD * Inv (tmp) % MOD; return ret; } void DFS(int cur, int len, int &ans) { if (len == m + 1) { ans += calc (); return ; } for (int i=0; i<=n; ++i) { k[len] = i; b[len] = k[len] - k[len-1]; DFS (i, len+1, ans); } } int brute(int n, int m) { int ret = 0; for (int i=0; i<=n; ++i) { k[1] = i; DFS (i, 2, ret); } return ret; } int solve() { if (n == 0) return 1; return (1 + (ll) m * (pow_mod (m, n, MOD) - 1 + MOD) % MOD * Inv (m - 1)) % MOD; } int main() { int T; scanf ("%d", &T); while (T--) { scanf ("%d%d", &n, &m); //printf ("%d\n", brute (n, m)); printf ("%d\n", solve ()); } return 0; }
容斥原理+Lucas定理 B A Simple Chess(BH)
题意:
n*m的格子,有r个障碍物,从(1,1)出发不走到障碍物到达(n,m)的方案数。(走法是(x1,y1)->(x1+2,y1+1) or (x1+1,y1+2))
思路:
记第一种走法的次数为b次,第二种走法的次数为c次,那么n=1+2c+b,m=1+2b+c。如果不考虑障碍物的话,答案是。那么如果会走到第i个障碍物,那么减去的是从(1,1)到第i个障碍物的位置的方案数(不走到其他的障碍物)乘以从第i个障碍物出发到(n,m)的方案数。注意(n,m)是障碍物的话,方案数直接为0。有了想法后,用代码实现,检验正确性,获得AC,瞬间的快感,这就是ACM的魅力吧。
代码:
#include <bits/stdc++.h> typedef long long ll; const int N = 100 + 5; const int MOD = 110119; ll pow_mod(ll x, int n) { ll ret = 1; for (; n; n>>=1) { if (n & 1) ret = ret * x % MOD; x = x * x % MOD; } return ret; } ll Inv(ll x) { return pow_mod (x, MOD - 2); } ll fact[MOD]; struct Point { ll x, y; bool operator < (const Point &rhs) const { ll ldis = (x - 1) + (y - 1); ll rdis = (rhs.x - 1) + (rhs.y - 1); return ldis < rdis; } }p[N]; ll res[N]; ll n, m; int r; void init_fact(int n) { fact[0] = 1; for (int i=1; i<n; ++i) { fact[i] = fact[i-1] * i % MOD; } } ll Lucas(ll n, ll k, int p) { ll ret = 1; while (n && k) { ll nn = n % p, kk = k % p; if (nn < kk) return 0; ret = ret * fact[nn] % p * Inv (fact[kk] * fact[nn-kk] % p) % p; n /= p; k /= p; } return ret; } bool judge_b(ll n, ll m) { return (-n + 2 * m - 1) % 3 == 0 && (-n + 2 * m - 1) >= 0; } bool judge_c(ll n, ll m) { return (2 * n - m - 1) % 3 == 0 && (2 * n - m - 1) >= 0; } ll get_b(ll n, ll m) { return (-n + 2 * m -1) / 3; } ll get_c(ll n, ll m) { return (2 * n - m - 1) / 3; } ll solve() { //if (r > 0 && p[r-1].x == n && p[r-1].y == m) return 0; if (!judge_b (n, m)) return 0; if (!judge_c (n, m)) return 0; ll b = get_b (n, m); ll c = get_c (n, m); ll ret = Lucas (b + c, c, MOD); std::sort (p, p+r); memset (res, -1, sizeof (res)); for (int i=0; i<r; ++i) { if (!judge_b (p[i].x, p[i].y)) continue; if (!judge_c (p[i].x, p[i].y)) continue; if (!judge_b (n-p[i].x+1, m-p[i].y+1)) continue; if (!judge_c (n-p[i].x+1, m-p[i].y+1)) continue; ll ib = get_b (p[i].x, p[i].y); ll ic = get_c (p[i].x, p[i].y); res[i] = Lucas (ib+ic, ib, MOD); for (int j=0; j<i; ++j) { if (res[j] == -1) continue; if (p[i].x < p[j].x || p[i].y < p[j].y) continue; ll nn = p[i].x - p[j].x + 1; ll mm = p[i].y - p[j].y + 1; if (!judge_b (nn, mm)) continue; if (!judge_c (nn, mm)) continue; ll jb = get_b (nn, mm); ll jc = get_c (nn, mm); ll tmp = res[j] * Lucas (jb+jc, jb, MOD) % MOD; res[i] = (res[i] - tmp + MOD) % MOD; } ll nb = get_b (n-p[i].x+1, m-p[i].y+1); ll nc = get_c (n-p[i].x+1, m-p[i].y+1); ret = (ret - res[i] * Lucas (nb+nc, nb, MOD) % MOD + MOD) % MOD; } return ret; } int main() { init_fact (MOD); int cas = 0; while (scanf ("%I64d%I64d%d", &n, &m, &r) == 3) { bool flag = true; for (int i=0; i<r; ++i) { scanf ("%I64d%I64d", &p[i].x, &p[i].y); if (p[i].x == n && p[i].y == m) flag = false; } if (!flag) { printf ("Case #%d: %I64d\n", ++cas, 0LL); continue; } printf ("Case #%d: %I64d\n", ++cas, solve ()); } return 0; }
博弈+打表找规律 C A Simple Nim(BH)
题意:
除了经典的Nim走法,还多了可以把一堆分成三小堆的走法。
思路:
多了一种操作没关系,根据SG定理,只要求出x的所有后继状态的SG函数,SG(x)=mex(S),分成三小堆的状态的SG值看成三个子游戏的Nim和。至于这题的做法,打表找规律即可。
代码:
#include <bits/stdc++.h> int sg[105]; int SG(int n) { if (n == 0) return sg[n] = 0; if (sg[n] != -1) return sg[n]; if (n < 3) return sg[n] = n; bool vis[1000]; memset (vis, false, sizeof (vis)); for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) { for (int j=i; i+j<n; ++j) { int k = n - i - j; //if (k < i || k < j) continue; vis[SG (i) ^ SG (j) ^ SG (k)] = true; } } for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) vis[SG (i)] = true; int &ret = sg[n] = 0; while (vis[ret]) ret++; return ret; } void f() { memset (sg, -1, sizeof (sg)); for (int i=0; i<=100; ++i) { printf ("sg[%d]=%d\n", i, SG (i)); } } int main() { //f (); int T; scanf ("%d", &T); while (T--) { int n; scanf ("%d", &n); long long ans = 0; for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) { long long x; scanf ("%I64d", &x); long long sg = x; if (x % 8 == 0) sg--; if (x % 8 == 7) sg++; ans ^= sg; } puts (ans ? "First player wins." : "Second player wins."); } return 0; }
01背包 H To My Girlfriend(BH)
题意:
,意思是有a[i],a[j],没有a[k],a[l],和为m时的组合数。
思路:
想到简单的背包DP,dp[i][j][s1][s2]表示考虑前i个,和为j,且必选了s1个且必不选s2个的方案数。时间复杂度为。
#include <bits/stdc++.h> const int N = 1e3 + 5; const int MOD = 1e9 +7; int dp[N][N][3][3]; int a[N]; int n, s; void add_mod(int &a, int b) { a += b; if (a >= MOD) a -= MOD; } int solve() { memset (dp, 0, sizeof (dp)); dp[0][0][0][0] = 1; for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) { for (int j=0; j<=s; ++j) { for (int s1=0; s1<=2; ++s1) { for (int s2=0; s2<=2; ++s2) { add_mod (dp[i][j][s1][s2], dp[i-1][j][s1][s2]); //不选 if (j >= a[i]) add_mod (dp[i][j][s1][s2], dp[i-1][j-a[i]][s1][s2]); //选 if (j >= a[i] && s1) add_mod (dp[i][j][s1][s2], dp[i-1][j-a[i]][s1-1][s2]); //必选 if (s2) add_mod (dp[i][j][s1][s2], dp[i-1][j][s1][s2-1]); //必不选 } } } } int ret = 0; for (int i=1; i<=s; ++i) { add_mod (ret, dp[n][i][2][2]); } return (long long) ret * 4 % MOD; } int main() { int T; scanf ("%d", &T); while (T--) { scanf ("%d%d", &n, &s); for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) scanf ("%d", a+i); printf ("%d\n", solve ()); } return 0; }
贪心 J Windows 10(BH)
题意:
调音量从p到q,调低的操作,连续的情况下,1,2,4。。。停顿和上升操作都会打断连续,重新从1开始,问最少几次操作。
思路:
直观的想法就是拼命的往下降,最后微调(上升或者停顿再下降),考虑到”停顿+一格音量“可以与”上升一格“互换,那么在下降后再上升时考虑能否用停顿替代部分上升,所以要记录停顿的次数,DFS写很好。
#include <bits/stdc++.h> typedef long long ll; ll DFS(ll p, ll q, ll step, ll stop) { if (p == q) return step; int x = 0; while (p - (1<<x) + 1 > q) x++; if (p - (1<<x) + 1 == q) return step + x; ll up = q - std::max (0LL, (p - (1<<x) + 1)); ll better = x + std::max (0LL, up - stop); return std::min (better + step, DFS (p-(1<<(x-1))+1, q, step+x, stop+1)); } int main() { int T; scanf ("%d", &T); while (T--) { ll p, q; scanf ("%I64d%I64d", &p, &q); if (q >= p) { printf ("%I64d\n", q - p); } else { printf ("%I64d\n", DFS (p, q, 0, 0)); } } return 0; }