JavaWeb 发送post请求的2种方式(form、json)

前提:通过HttpClient来实现

方式一:以form表单形式提交数据

1.所需jar包

  commons-logging-1.1.1.jar

  httpclient-4.5.jar

  httpcore-4.4.1.jar

2.代码实现

  客户端如何发送请求?

  导入

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/**
 * 以form表单形式提交数据,发送post请求
 * @explain 
 *   1.请求头:httppost.setHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
 *   2.提交的数据格式:key1=value1&key2=value2...
 * @param url 请求地址
 * @param paramsMap 具体数据
 * @return 服务器返回数据
 */
public static String httpPostWithForm(String url,Map<String, String> paramsMap){
    // 用于接收返回的结果
    String resultData ="";
     try {
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
            List<BasicNameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<BasicNameValuePair>();
            // 迭代Map-->取出key,value放到BasicNameValuePair对象中-->添加到list中
            for (String key : paramsMap.keySet()) {
                pairList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, paramsMap.get(key)));
            }
            UrlEncodedFormEntity uefe = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList, "utf-8");
            post.setEntity(uefe); 
            // 创建一个http客户端
            CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
            // 发送post请求
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
            
            // 状态码为:200
            if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){
                // 返回数据:
                resultData = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"UTF-8");
            }else{
                throw new RuntimeException("接口连接失败!");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("接口连接失败!");
        }
     return resultData;
}  

  服务器端如何接收客户端传递的数据?

  request.getParameter("key")

3.客户端调用测试

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String requestUrl = "http://localhost:8070/test/rz/server/rzxx/at_VaildToken.do";
    Map<String, String> paramsMap = new HashMap<String, String>(1);
    paramsMap.put("un_value", "B022420184794C7C9D5096CC5F3AE7D2");
    // 发送post请求并接收返回结果
    String resultData = httpPostWithForm(requestUrl, paramsMap);
    System.out.println(resultData);
}

方式二:以JSONObject形式提交数据

1.所需jar包

2.代码实现

  客户端如何发送请求?

  所需jar包:

  commons-httpclient-3.0.jar

  commons-codec-1.9.jar

  commons-logging-1.1.1.jar 

  导入

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.StringRequestEntity;
/**
 * 以json格式字符串形式提交数据,发送post请求
 * @explain 
 *     1.请求头:httppost.setHeader("Content-Type","application/json")
 *  2.提交的数据格式:"{"key1":"value1","key2":"value2",...}"
 * @param jsonStr
 *            json字符串
 * @return 服务器返回数据
 */
public static String sendPostWithJson(String url, String jsonStr) {
    // 用于接收返回的结果
    String jsonResult = "";
    try {
        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
        client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(3000); // //设置连接超时
        client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setSoTimeout(180000); // //设置读取数据超时
        client.getParams().setContentCharset("UTF-8");
        PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
        postMethod.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");
        // 非空
        if (null != jsonStr && !"".equals(jsonStr)) {
            StringRequestEntity requestEntity = new StringRequestEntity(jsonStr, "application/json", "UTF-8");
            postMethod.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);
        }
        int status = client.executeMethod(postMethod);
        if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            jsonResult = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
        } else {
            throw new RuntimeException("接口连接失败!");
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("接口连接失败!");
    }
    return jsonResult;
}

  服务器端如何接收客户端传递的数据?

   所需jar包:

  commons-beanutils-1.8.0.jar

  commons-collections-3.2.1.jar

  commons-lang-2.5.jar

  commons-logging-1.1.1.jar

  ezmorph-1.0.6.jar

  json-lib-2.4-jdk15.jar

  导入

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
/**
 * 获取接口传递的JSON数据
 * @explain
 * @param request
 *            HttpServletRequest对象
 * @return JSON格式数据
 */
public static JSONObject getJsonReqData(HttpServletRequest request) {
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    JSONObject jo = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;
    try {
        // json格式字符串
        String jsonStr = "";
        // 获取application/json格式数据,返回字符流
        reader = request.getReader();
        // 对字符流进行解析
        while ((jsonStr = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            sb.append(jsonStr);
        }
        
    } catch (IOException e) {
        log.error("request请求解析失败:" + e.getMessage());
        throw new RuntimeException("request请求解析失败:" + e.getMessage());
    } finally {// 关闭流,避免一直占用该流资源,导致浪费
        try {
            if (null != reader) {
                reader.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    log.info("接收的参数信息为:{}" + sb.toString());
    // 将json字符串(jsonStr)-->json对象(JSONObject)
    try {
        jo = JSONObject.fromObject(sb.toString());
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("请求参数不是json格式数据!");
    }
    return jo;
}

3.客户端调用测试

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String requestUrl = "http://localhost:8070/test/rz/server/rzxx/at_VaildToken.do";
    String jsonStr = "{\"un_value\":\"B022420184794C7C9D5096CC5F3AE7D2\"}";
    // 发送post请求并接收返回结果
    String resultData = sendPostWithJson(requestUrl, jsonStr);
    System.out.println(resultData);
}

4.服务端接收测试

public static void main(String[] args) {
    //获取接口json数据  
    JSONObject jsonRequest = getJsonReqData(WebUtils.getRequest());
    String s = jsonRequest.get("un_value").toString();// B022420184794C7C9D5096CC5F3AE7D2
    //
    s = jsonRequest.getString("un_value");// B022420184794C7C9D5096CC5F3AE7D2
}

PS:20191211(合并版)

java作为客户端,去请求另一台服务器,数据格式完全可以以流的形式进行传送和接收,这样不管是form表单还是json都可以采用一种方式搞定。

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
/**
 * java发送post请求(暂时只支持form表单提交和json数据提交两种方式,还可以根据需要自行扩展)
 * @expalin 说明:
 *          form表单提交,要求参数格式必须是遵循form参数规范;
 *          json数据提交,要求参数格式必须是遵循json标准规范。
 * @param url
 *            服务器地址
 * @param param
 *            请求参数
 *            格式一:form表单形式,param1=value1&param2=value2&...
 *            格式二:json数据形式,{"param1":"value1","param2":"value2",...}
 * @param contentType
 *            数据类型(暂时提供两种)
 *            格式一:form表单,application/x-www-form-urlencoded
 *            格式二:json数据,application/json
 * @param charset
 *            字符集
 *            如果不传,默认值为:utf-8
 */
public static String sendPostRequest(String url, String param, String contentType, String charset) {
    // 请求方法:post、get
    String requestMethod = "POST";
    // 数据类型
    if ("form".equals(contentType)) {
        contentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
    } else if ("json".equals(contentType)) {
        contentType = "application/json";
    }
    // 告诉请求数据的字符集
    charset = "".equals(charset) ? "utf-8" : charset;

    // 用于接收服务器返回结果
    StringBuffer responseResult = new StringBuffer();
    HttpURLConnection conn = null;
    OutputStream out = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;
    try {
        // 打开网址
        URL requestUrl = new URL(url);
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) requestUrl.openConnection();
        // 连接设置
        conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
        conn.setDoOutput(true);
        conn.setDoInput(true);
        conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
        conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
        conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", contentType + ";" + charset);
        // 进行连接
        conn.connect();
        // 将数据以流的形式进行传输(二进制)
        out = conn.getOutputStream();
        out.write(param.getBytes());
        out.flush();

        // 响应状态码:200-代表正常
        int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
        if (responseCode != 200) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error responseCode:" + responseCode);
        }

        // 获取服务器响应数据字符集
        String responseEncoding = conn.getContentEncoding();
        responseEncoding = StringUtils.isEmpty(responseEncoding) ? "utf-8" : responseEncoding;
        // 读取服务器响应数据
        String output = null;
        reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), responseEncoding));
        while ((output = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            responseResult.append(output);
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        throw new RuntimeException("调用接口出错:param=" + param);
    } finally {
        try {
            if (reader != null) {
                reader.close();
            }
            if (out != null) {
                out.close();
            }
            if (conn != null) {
                conn.disconnect();
            }
        } catch (Exception e2) {
            e2.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    return responseResult.toString();
}

20200403

  这样的话,接收数据的服务器不用再区分传过来的是form表单还是json,统一按照接收json那样以字符流的形式进行读取即可。

  当然了,这还得和服务器协商好,不然你传过去的是二进制,它却还是按照request.getParameter(),服务器肯定接收不到。

  另外,如果是浏览器按照application/x-www-form-urlencoded的编码格式向后台传递数据的话,服务器只能用request.getParameter()来接收,这才是规范用法。

posted @ 2018-06-20 11:35  Marydon  阅读(26806)  评论(4编辑  收藏  举报