小工具：火车票查询

今天又到了抢火车票的时候，反正是每次抢票都是傻眼。于是写个小工具帮助自己查询火车票，如果有票的话给自己发个邮件提示购买。

一、准备工作

利用firebug等工具，我们可以获取到当我们单击查询时调用的Get请求。

请求地址:

https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryX?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2017-09-01&leftTicketDTO.from_station=TJP&leftTicketDTO.to_station=XHP&purpose_codes=ADULT

分析一下参数，得到以下结果：

leftTicketDTO.from_station=TJP 出发站
leftTicketDTO.to_station=XHP 到达站
leftTicketDTO.train_date=2017-09-01 出发日期
purpose_codes=ADULT 乘车人类型

接下来我们要对返回的json进行分析，返回的json如下：

{
  "validateMessagesShowId": "_validatorMessage",
  "status": true,
  "httpstatus": 200,
  "data": {
    "result": [
      "oSIL3O3WIe6kfzF42Zlz%2B%2BsPFUuDm4BbNP13vXPnMnwSVXDgZ03onlMGao1RqJYjWimJDOiBa9Xm%0A59BctbygQhG6xM5mfTPPb9dLuvYg43VQYKGBpYzHere%2B4diEqyOfA64i6OcUFpe8ZJ4ccCEiQK7d%0AsFWdn6qDxY5PDQ2zG%2BCCNeAG216PdgO%2Fv%2F0PIrQTTK%2FTft8oZIxGT9VYlkHeh3TUUdxenyGAts4J%0AJ278LrM%3D|预订|260000Y5160F|Y516|VVP|ZMP|TXP|XHP|12:46|19:00|06:14|Y|rC9CEREwzGPqGayEjfr9YPwYtGX%2B45X6aKXyL0VaY0Bauu4t|20170901|3|P2|11|19|0|0|||||无||有|||有|||||101020|112",
      "wIpyiHG7PkQUnuOjE7gTxQAW39ihKOVttmAMx1lyhE10OyzjXjCe0EzyOsu28FOvw0Yc6CZF4CAQ%0AhR6L%2BAgyc6ca%2FYubiLZ4HuKw%2B0XmN5Us9fmA%2FajP3P%2FZgSoacqyPHPXEhWZ8pfGWSkmLMRNpisgd%0A48kWkp8rhjVIDljoncMagr6t5il3t5FaP8otqcN4ZtnTL1KfslpZt%2B2gxw7GwNFZH0QGTq2uoIuu%0AnYTSCB11w3Ok|预订|25000011360J|1136|TJP|WXC|TJP|XHP|20:52|01:55|05:03|Y|ZhbR6hnByAgL1ejqxJ1AIYiWcW2q08ZgO%2Bfk6UjtmX5mYLHGGlNBCiPVZDc%3D|20170901|3|P2|01|04|0|0||||无|||有||无|无|||||10401030|1413",
      "yG8TT6qCWjH0Aa2LVzxfCFGHf2q0syxOx7RfcXmsbFNyfq2VlWOS3q0oODd5tWAY2I5ddZfSBvnl%0A1GT%2BQCpZAhTPSLyRfDKCvwNMykAFe%2BuRULRPxd1WsQ57uIWepqDtElMcpGR8m7HB6KTnlzXXL9te%0AkumIJNMRMtA0ukPZto5G3sOGSSHgmQdcAxRmRdCVBFEsS9dNprjSQBwy%2BsxXq7KfAovJcemtY%2B3H%0AC7Kx4hnW5HXZ|预订|250000K8880H|K888|TJP|XNO|TJP|XHP|21:38|02:38|05:00|Y|uwEONiPztkLymI5okpF%2FJhWo7bzZA1zPcjbuofQXIXLCubD2gxSlXoz8nI8%3D|20170901|3|PB|01|04|0|0||||无|||有||无|有|||||10401030|1413"
    ],
    "flag": "1",
    "map": {
      "TXP": "天津西",
      "XHP": "宣化",
      "TJP": "天津"
    }
  },
  "messages": [],
  "validateMessages": {}
}

网页显示：

以Y516车次数据为例，我们主要是搞清楚以下内容的含义：

"oSIL3O3WIe6kfzF42Zlz%2B%2BsPFUuDm4BbNP13vXPnMnwSVXDgZ03onlMGao1RqJYjWimJDOiBa9Xm%0A59BctbygQhG6xM5mfTPPb9dLuvYg43VQYKGBpYzHere%2B4diEqyOfA64i6OcUFpe8ZJ4ccCEiQK7d%0AsFWdn6qDxY5PDQ2zG%2BCCNeAG216PdgO%2Fv%2F0PIrQTTK%2FTft8oZIxGT9VYlkHeh3TUUdxenyGAts4J%0AJ278LrM%3D|预订|260000Y5160F|Y516|VVP|ZMP|TXP|XHP|12:46|19:00|06:14|Y|rC9CEREwzGPqGayEjfr9YPwYtGX%2B45X6aKXyL0VaY0Bauu4t|20170901|3|P2|11|19|0|0|||||无||有|||有|||||101020|112"

观察这段字符串，可以发现有一定规律，可以通过|对字符串切割，再对切割后的内容进行分析；

分析中......

经过若干数据对比，得出以下结论：

oSIL3O3WIe6kfzF42Zlz%2B%2BsPFUuDm4BbNP13vXPnMnwSVXDgZ03onlMGao1RqJYjWimJDOiBa9Xm%0A59BctbygQhG6xM5mfTPPb9dLuvYg43VQYKGBpYzHere%2B4diEqyOfA64i6OcUFpe8ZJ4ccCEiQK7d%0AsFWdn6qDxY5PDQ2zG%2BCCNeAG216PdgO%2Fv%2F0PIrQTTK%2FTft8oZIxGT9VYlkHeh3TUUdxenyGAts4J%0AJ278LrM%3D| 作为之后预订车票的参数使用

预订|

260000Y5160F|

Y516| 车次

VVP| 始发站

ZMP| 终点站

TXP| 出发站

XHP| 到达站

12:46| 出发时间

19:00| 到达时间

06:14| 历时

Y| 是否有票 N：无票 Y:有票

rC9CEREwzGPqGayEjfr9YPwYtGX%2B45X6aKXyL0VaY0Bauu4t| 未知内容

20170901| 未知内容

3| 未知内容

P2| 未知内容

11| 出发站站序

19| 到达站站序

0| 未知内容

0| 未知内容

| 未知内容

| 未知内容

| 未知内容

| 软卧

无| 软座

| 未知内容

有| 无座

| 硬卧

| 未知内容

有| 硬座

| 二等座

| 一等座

| 商务座

| 未知内容

101020| 未知内容

112 未知内容

好了我们的准备工作差不多就这样了。

二、编写代码

现在的任务就是数据的获取，代码如下：

        /// <summary>
        /// 车票查询数据获取
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="goTime">出行日期</param>
        /// <param name="fromStationCode">出发站编码</param>
        /// <param name="toStationCode">到达站编码</param>
        /// <param name="errorMsg">错误消息</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public TicketSearchJson GetSearchTicketData(DateTime goTime, string fromStationCode, string toStationCode, ref string errorMsg)
        {
            string srcString = string.Empty;
            try
            {
                using (WebClient client = new WebClient())
                {
                    string url = string.Format("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date={0}&leftTicketDTO.from_station={1}&leftTicketDTO.to_station={2}&purpose_codes=ADULT",
                        goTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"), fromStationCode, toStationCode);
                    Uri uri = new Uri(url);
                    ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = ValidateServerCertificate;
                    byte[] responseData = client.DownloadData(uri);
                    srcString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(responseData);
                    TicketSearchJson ticketSearch = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<TicketSearchJson>(srcString);
                    return ticketSearch;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                errorMsg = ex.Message;
                return null;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 服务器证书回调方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="certificate"></param>
        /// <param name="chain"></param>
        /// <param name="sslPolicyErrors"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool ValidateServerCertificate(object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)
        {
            return true;
        }

邮件发送功能可见这篇博客：小工具：邮件发送

三、运行截图

切勿过于频繁调用接口！！！

程序下载：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1hrC2CPQ

四、更新

2018.1.2 获取数据后解析乱码问题

分析后得知响应数据经过压缩：Content-Encoding: gzip

解决方法(加粗代码):

 1     public TicketSearchJson GetSearchTicketData_WebRequest(DateTime goTime, string fromStationCode, string toStationCode, ref string errorMsg)
 2         {
 3             string srcString = string.Empty;
 4             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fromStationCode) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(toStationCode)) { errorMsg = "出发站编码、到达站编码不能为空"; return null; }
 5             if (fromStationCode == toStationCode) { errorMsg = "出发站和到达站不能相同!"; return null; }
 6             try
 7             {
 8                 string url = string.Empty;
 9                 try
10                 {
11                     url = string.Format(System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Url"].ToString(),
12                        goTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"), fromStationCode, toStationCode);
13                 }
14                 catch { LogHelper.WriteErrorLog("读取url失败!"); }
15                 Uri uri = new Uri(url);
16                 HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);
17                 string cookie = string.Empty;
18                 try { cookie = CreateCookie(fromStationCode, toStationCode); }
19                 catch { LogHelper.WriteInfoLog("读取Cookie失败!"); errorMsg = "读取Cookie失败!"; }
20                 HttpWebRequestHelper.SetRequestHeader(request, "kyfw.12306.cn", cookie);
21                 ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = ValidateServerCertificate;
22                 WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
23                 Stream respStream = response.GetResponseStream();
24                 //如果响应头中包含Content-Encoding: gzip 数据需要解压缩
25                 bool isNeedDeCompress = response.Headers.ToString().Contains("Content-Encoding: gzip");
26                 if (isNeedDeCompress)
27                     respStream = new GZipStream(respStream, CompressionMode.Decompress);
28                 using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(respStream, Encoding.UTF8))
29                 {
30                     srcString = reader.ReadToEnd();
31                     if (srcString.Contains("!DOCTYPE html"))
32                     {
33                         errorMsg = "网络可能存在问题，请您重试一下！";
34                         return null;
35                     }
36                 }
37                 TicketSearchJson ticketSearch = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<TicketSearchJson>(srcString);
38                 return ticketSearch;
39             }
40             catch (Exception ex)
41             {
42                 errorMsg = ex.Message;
43                 LogHelper.WriteErrorLog("数据获取异常:" + ex.Message);
44                 return null;
45             }
46         }

posted @ 2017-09-02 17:38 LikeHeart 阅读(3968) 评论(17) 编辑收藏举报

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小工具：火车票查询

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