iOS oc与js交互详解 之 WKWebView
Xcode8发布以后,编译器开始不支持iOS7,所以很多应用在适配iOS10之后都不在适配iOS7了,其中包括了很多大公司,网易新闻,滴滴出行等。
支持到iOS8,第一个要改的自然是用WKWebView替换原来的UIWebView
。WKWebView有很多明显优势:
1、更多的支持HTML5的特性
2、官方宣称的高达60fps的滚动刷新率以及内置手势
3、将UIWebViewDelegate与UIWebView拆分成了14类与3个协议,以前很多不方便实现的功能得以实现。文档
4、Safari相同的JavaScript引进
5、占用更少的内存
UIWebView
WKWebView
因此,使用WkWebview替换UIWebView还是很有必要的。
基本使用方法
WKWebView有两个delegate, WKUIDelegate 和 WKNavigationDelegate。WKNavigationDelegate主要处理一些跳转、加载处理操作,WKUIDelegate主要处理JS脚本,确认框,警告框等。因此 WKNavigationDelegate 更加常用。
比较常用的方法:
#pragma mark - lifeCircle
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[
super
viewDidLoad];
webView = [[WKWebView alloc]init];
[self.view addSubview:webView];
[webView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.left.equalTo(self.view);
make.right.equalTo(self.view);
make.top.equalTo(self.view);
make.bottom.equalTo(self.view);
}];
webView.UIDelegate = self;
webView.navigationDelegate = self;
}
#pragma mark - WKNavigationDelegate
// 页面开始加载时调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{
}
// 当内容开始返回时调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{
}
// 页面加载完成之后调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{
}
// 页面加载失败时调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{
}
// 接收到服务器跳转请求之后调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveServerRedirectForProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{
}
// 在收到响应后,决定是否跳转
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler{
NSLog(@
"%@"
,navigationResponse.response.URL.absoluteString);
//允许跳转
decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyAllow);
//不允许跳转
//decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyCancel);
}
// 在发送请求之前,决定是否跳转
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler{
NSLog(@
"%@"
,navigationAction.request.URL.absoluteString);
//允许跳转
decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);
//不允许跳转
//decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel);
}
#pragma mark - WKUIDelegate
// 创建一个新的WebView
- (WKWebView *)webView:(WKWebView *)webView createWebViewWithConfiguration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration forNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction windowFeatures:(WKWindowFeatures *)windowFeatures{
return
[[WKWebView alloc]init];
}
// 输入框
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithPrompt:(NSString *)prompt defaultText:(nullable NSString *)defaultText initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(NSString * __nullable result))completionHandler{
completionHandler(@
"http"
);
}
// 确认框
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL result))completionHandler{
completionHandler(YES);
}
// 警告框
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler{
NSLog(@
"%@"
,message);
completionHandler();
}
OC与JS交互
WKWebview提供了API实现js交互,不需要借助JavaScriptCore或者webJavaScriptBridge。使用WKUserContentController实现js native 交互。简单的说就是先注册约定好的方法,然后再调用。
js调用oc方法
oc代码(有误,内存不释放):
@interface ViewController (){
WKWebView * webView; WKUserContentController* userContentController; }
@end
@implementation ViewController
#pragma mark - lifeCircle - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; //配置环境 WKWebViewConfiguration * configuration = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc]init]; userContentController =[[WKUserContentController alloc]init]; configuration.userContentController = userContentController; webView = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100) configuration:configuration]; //注册方法 [userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"sayhello"];//注册一个name为sayhello的js方法 [self.view addSubview:webView]; [webView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.left.equalTo(self.view); make.right.equalTo(self.view); make.top.equalTo(self.view); make.bottom.equalTo(self.view); }]; webView.UIDelegate = self; webView.navigationDelegate = self; [webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.test.com"]]]; } - (void)dealloc{ //这里需要注意,前面增加过的方法一定要remove掉。 [userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@"sayhello"]; } #pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler - (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{ NSLog(@"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n",message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo); } @end
上面的oc代码如果认证测试一下就会发现dealloc并不会执行,这样肯定是不行的,会造成内存泄漏。原因是
[userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"sayhello"]; 这句代码造成无法释放内存。(ps:试了下用weak指针还是不能释放,不知道是什么原因。)因此还需要进一步改进,正确的写法是用一个新的controller来处理,新的controller再绕用delegate绕回来。
oc(代码正确写法):
@interface ViewController (){
WKWebView * webView;
WKUserContentController* userContentController;
}
@end
@implementation ViewController
#pragma mark - lifeCircle
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[
super
viewDidLoad];
//配置环境
WKWebViewConfiguration * configuration = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc]init];
userContentController =[[WKUserContentController alloc]init];
configuration.userContentController = userContentController;
webView = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100) configuration:configuration];
//注册方法
WKDelegateController * delegateController = [[WKDelegateController alloc]init];
delegateController.delegate = self;
[userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:delegateController name:@
"sayhello"
];
[self.view addSubview:webView];
[webView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.left.equalTo(self.view);
make.right.equalTo(self.view);
make.top.equalTo(self.view);
make.bottom.equalTo(self.view);
}];
webView.UIDelegate = self;
webView.navigationDelegate = self;
}
- (void)dealloc{
//这里需要注意,前面增加过的方法一定要remove掉。
[userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@
"sayhello"
];
}
#pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{
NSLog(@
"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n"
,message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo);
}
@end
#import #import @protocol WKDelegate
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message;
@end
@interface WKDelegateController : UIViewController
@property (weak , nonatomic) id delegate;
@end
.m代码:
#import "WKDelegateController.h"
@interface WKDelegateController ()
@end
@implementation WKDelegateController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[
super
viewDidLoad];
}
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{
if
([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(userContentController:didReceiveScriptMessage:)]) {
[self.delegate userContentController:userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:message];
}
}
@end
h5代码:
function
say()
{
//前端需要用 window.webkit.messageHandlers.注册的方法名.postMessage({body:传输的数据} 来给native发送消息
window.webkit.messageHandlers.sayhello.postMessage({body:
'hello world!'
});
} hello world say hello
打印出的log:
name:sayhello body:{ body = "hello world!" ; } frameInfo:<wkframeinfo: 0x7f872060ce20; ismainframe = yes; request = { url: http: www.test.com= "" }= "" ></wkframeinfo: 0x7f872060ce20; ismainframe = yes; request = { url: http:>
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注意点:
1、addScriptMessageHandler 要和 removeScriptMessageHandlerForName 配套出现,否则会造成内存泄漏。
2、h5只能传一个参数,如果需要多个参数就需要用字典或者json组装。
oc调用js方法
代码如下:
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)tmpWebView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{ //say()是JS方法名,completionHandler是异步回调block [webView evaluateJavaScript:@ "say()" completionHandler:^(id _Nullable result, NSError * _Nullable error) { NSLog(@ "%@" ,result); }]; }
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h5代码同上。
WebViewJavascriptBridge
一般来说,一个好的UI总有一个大神会开发出一个好的第三方封装框架。WebViewJavascriptBridge的作者也做了一套支持WKWebView与JS交互的第三方框架:WKWebViewJavascriptBridge。
-
cocoaPods: pod 'WebViewJavascriptBridge', '~> 5.0.5'
-
github地址:https://github.com/marcuswestin/WebViewJavascriptBridge
主要方法如下:
//初始化方法
+ (instancetype)bridgeForWebView:(WKWebView*)webView;
+ (void)enableLogging;
//注册函数名
- (void)registerHandler:(NSString*)handlerName handler:(WVJBHandler)handler;
//调用函数名
- (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName;
- (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName data:(id)data;
- (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName data:(id)data responseCallback:(WVJBResponseCallback)responseCallback;
//重置
- (void)reset;
//设置WKNavigationDelegate
- (void)setWebViewDelegate:(id)webViewDelegate;
补充
前不久把项目中的 UIWebView 更新到 WkWebView,解决了一大堆问题,但是也遗留了一大堆问题,比方说cookie。
以前 UIWebView 会自动去 NSHTTPCookieStorage 中读取 cookie,但是 WKWebView 并不会去读取,因此导致 cookie 丢失以及一系列问题,解决方式就是在 request 中手动帮其添加上。
mainWebView.UIDelegate = self;
mainWebView.navigationDelegate = self;
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@
"http://www.test.com"
]];
[request addValue:[self readCurrentCookieWithDomain:@
"http://www.test.com/"
] forHTTPHeaderField:@
"Cookie"
];
[mainWebView loadRequest:request];
- (NSString *)readCurrentCookieWithDomain:(NSString *)domainStr{
NSHTTPCookieStorage*cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];
NSMutableString * cookieString = [[NSMutableString alloc]init];
for
(NSHTTPCookie*cookie
in
[cookieJar cookies]) {
[cookieString appendFormat:@
"%@=%@;"
,cookie.name,cookie.value];
}
//删除最后一个“;”
[cookieString deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(cookieString.length - 1, 1)];
return
cookieString;
}
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation { //取出cookie NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieStorage = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage]; //js函数 NSString *JSFuncString = @" function setCookie(name,value,expires)\ {\ var oDate= new Date();\ oDate.setDate(oDate.getDate()+expires);\ document.cookie=name+ '=' +value+ ';expires=' +oDate+ ';path=/' \ }\ function getCookie(name)\ {\ var arr = document.cookie.match( new RegExp( '(^| )' +name+ '=({FNXX==XXFN}*)(;|$)' ));\ if (arr != null ) return unescape(arr[2]); return null ;\ }\ function delCookie(name)\ {\ var exp = new Date();\ exp.setTime(exp.getTime() - 1);\ var cval=getCookie(name);\ if (cval!= null ) document.cookie= name + '=' +cval+ ';expires=' +exp.toGMTString();\ }"; //拼凑js字符串 NSMutableString *JSCookieString = JSFuncString.mutableCopy; for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookieStorage.cookies) { NSString *excuteJSString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@ "setCookie('%@', '%@', 1);" , cookie.name, cookie.value]; [JSCookieString appendString:excuteJSString]; } //执行js [webView evaluateJavaScript:JSCookieString completionHandler:nil]; }
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