Android与IIS身份验证——Form验证

内容摘要

　　前言

　　设计思路

　　ASP.NET服务器端

　　Android客户端

　　运行结果

　　上篇《Android与IIS身份验证——基本验证》实现了Android客户端与IIS的简单验证。而这种验证方式虽然使用起来比较简单，但是也有很多缺点。如，安全性较差，账号密码设置不灵活。让我们回顾一下ASP.NET的身份验证方式：Windows、Form和Passport。这三种验证方式中，Form身份验证方式最经常使用，因为它有很多优越性，其优点我就不一一介绍了。那么，怎样实现Android客户端与IIS的Form身份验证呢？我整理了一下，需要以下几个步骤：

　　一、设计思路

　　Android客户端访问IIS服务器时，当没有登陆时，ASP.NET通过Form集成验证方法会返回一个登陆页面。然后输入正确的用户名和密码，就可以进入主程序了。流程如图1.1所示。

图1.1

　　在Android客户端访问以IIS为宿主的ASP.NET服务器时，返回JSON格式来传递数据。客户端中，根据返回数据的不同而判断当前状态是否已登陆。由于Form验证是保存了Cookie，所示每次调用Http请求之前要先添加上次请求的Cookie。

　　二、ASP.NET服务器端

　　创建一个ASP.NET MVC网站项目。

　　首先，由于每次请求都返回JSON格式的数据，我们编写一个Model类来承载数据。

    public class ResponseResult
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 是否已登录
        /// </summary>
        public bool IsAuthenticated { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否执行成功
        /// </summary>
        public bool IsSuccess { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 登录账号
        /// </summary>
        public string Identity { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行结果
        /// </summary>
        public object Result { get; set; }
    }

　　接着，编写HomeController：

    [HandleError]
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [Authorize]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return Json(new ResponseResult
            {
                Result = "登陆成功",
                IsAuthenticated = true,
                IsSuccess = true,
                Identity = this.User.Identity.Name
            }, "text/html", JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }

        public ActionResult LogOn()
        {
            return Json(new ResponseResult
            {
                Result = "您尚未登录",
                IsSuccess = true
            }, "text/html", JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }

        public ActionResult Register(string account, string password)
        {
            if (account == "liudong" && password == "123")
            {
                FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(account, false);
                return Json(new ResponseResult
                {
                    Result = "登录成功",
                    IsSuccess = true,
                    IsAuthenticated = true,
                    Identity = account
                }, "text/html", JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
            }
            else
            {
                return Json(new ResponseResult
                {
                    Result = "用户名或密码错误",
                }, "text/html", JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
            }
        }

　　Index Action为登陆认证后才能访问的Action。

　　LogOn Action为未登陆时跳转的Action。

　　然后，在Web.config中配置Form验证配置

　　最后，配置IIS，部署ASP.NET MV网站，如图2.1所示。

图2.1

　　三、Android客户端

　　首先，编写一个调用Http请求的类。

package ld.com.authorize;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import android.util.Log;

public abstract class HttpHelper {

    private final static String TAG = "HttpHelper";
    private final static String SERVER_URL = "http://192.168.1.104:180/Home/";

    private static CookieStore cookieStore;

    public static String invoke(String actionName, List<NameValuePair> params) {
        String result = null;
        try {
            String url = SERVER_URL + actionName + "/";
            Log.d(TAG, "url is" + url);

            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            if (params != null && params.size() > 0) {
                HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8");
                httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            }

            DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();

            // 添加Cookie
            if (cookieStore != null) {
                httpClient.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
            }

            HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    httpResponse.getEntity().getContent()));
            for (String s = reader.readLine(); s != null; s = reader.readLine()) {
                builder.append(s);
            }
            result = builder.toString();
            Log.d(TAG, "result is ( " + result + " )");

            // 保存Cookie
            cookieStore = ((AbstractHttpClient) httpClient).getCookieStore();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
        }
        Log.d(TAG, "over");
        return result;
    }

    public static String invoke(String actionName) {
        return invoke(actionName, null);
    }
}

　　　　注意的是，需要存储一个全局的Cookie，在每次调用前添加上去，再在调用j结束后保存它。

　　接着，添加两个布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent">

    <TextView android:text="账号" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="20dip" />

    <EditText android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:hint="请输入账号"
        android:layout_height="40dip" android:id="@+id/edtAccount" />

    <TextView android:text="密码" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="20dip" />

    <EditText android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:hint="请输入密码"
        android:password="true" android:layout_height="40dip" android:id="@+id/edtPassword" />

    <Button android:text="登录" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dip" android:id="@+id/btnLogon" />
</LinearLayout>

　　然后、编写登陆和主Activity

package ld.com.authorize;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class LogonActivity extends Activity {

    private final String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();

    private EditText edtAccount;
    private EditText edtPassword;

    private Button btnLogon;

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.logon);

        edtAccount = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.edtAccount);
        edtPassword = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.edtPassword);

        btnLogon = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btnLogon);

        setButtonOnClick();
    }

    private void setButtonOnClick() {
        this.btnLogon.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> task = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>() {

                    private ProgressDialog progressDialog;

                    @Override
                    protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                        // super.onPostExecute(result);
                        progressDialog.cancel();
                        Log.d(TAG, result);
                        try {
                            JSONObject json = new JSONObject(result);
                            String msg = json.getString("Result");
                            // 是否登录
                            if (json.getBoolean("IsSuccess")) {
                                Toast.makeText(LogonActivity.this, msg,
                                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                                // 跳转登录Activity
                                Intent intent = new Intent();
                                intent.setClass(LogonActivity.this,
                                        MainActivity.class);
                                LogonActivity.this.startActivity(intent);
                            } else {
                                Toast.makeText(LogonActivity.this, msg,
                                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            }
                        } catch (JSONException e) {
                            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                            Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    protected void onPreExecute() {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                        super.onPreExecute();
                        progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(LogonActivity.this);
                        progressDialog.setCancelable(false);
                        progressDialog
                                .setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_SPINNER);
                        progressDialog.setTitle("登录中，请稍后...");
                        progressDialog.show();
                    }

                    @Override
                    protected String doInBackground(Void... arg0) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                        String account = edtAccount.getText().toString();
                        String password = edtPassword.getText().toString();
                        List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
                        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", account));
                        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", password));

                        try {
                            return HttpHelper.invoke("Register", params);
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
                            return null;
                        }
                    }
                };
                task.execute();
            }
        });
    }
}

package ld.com.authorize;

import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private final String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();

    private Button btnInvoke;

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        btnInvoke = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btnInvoke);

        setInvokeOnClick();
    }

    private void setInvokeOnClick() {
        btnInvoke.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> task = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>() {

                    private ProgressDialog progressDialog;

                    @Override
                    protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                        // super.onPostExecute(result);
                        progressDialog.cancel();
                        Log.d(TAG, result);
                        try {
                            JSONObject json = new JSONObject(result);
                            // 是否登录
                            if (json.getBoolean("IsAuthenticated")) {
                                String msg = json.getString("Identity") + ":"
                                        + json.getString("Result");
                                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, msg,
                                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            } else {
                                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
                                        json.getString("Result"),
                                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                                // 跳转登录Activity
                                Intent intent = new Intent();
                                intent.setClass(MainActivity.this,
                                        LogonActivity.class);
                                MainActivity.this.startActivity(intent);
                            }
                        } catch (JSONException e) {
                            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                            Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    protected void onPreExecute() {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                        super.onPreExecute();
                        progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this);
                        progressDialog.setCancelable(false);
                        progressDialog
                                .setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_SPINNER);
                        progressDialog.setTitle("调用中，请稍后...");
                        progressDialog.show();
                    }

                    @Override
                    protected String doInBackground(Void... arg0) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                        try {
                            return HttpHelper.invoke("Index");
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
                            return null;
                        }
                    }

                };
                task.execute();
            }
        });
    }
}

　　最后，设置访问权限：<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

　　四、运行结果

　　1.进入主MainActivity，图4.1.1所示。