docker命令的基本操作
一。帮助信息
1. 分组的操作
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker --help
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
engine Manage the docker engine
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
2. 分组详细操作信息，比如查看 image 的操作信息
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker image --help Commands: build Build an image from a Dockerfile history Show the history of an image import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image inspect Display detailed information on one or more images load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN ls List images prune Remove unused images pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry push Push an image or a repository to a registry rm Remove one or more images save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE [gh@localhost ~]$
二。基本操作
1. image 操作
docker image pull :下载镜像 （从国内仓库下载：https://c.163.com/hub）
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker image pull hub.c.163.com/library/busybox:latest latest: Pulling from library/busybox aab39f0bc16d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:662af1d642674367b721645652de96f9c147417c2efb708eee4e9b7212697762 Status: Downloaded newer image for hub.c.163.com/library/busybox:latest [gh@localhost ~]$
docker image ls :查看镜像
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hub.c.163.com/library/busybox latest d20ae45477cb 16 months ago 1.13MB hub.c.163.com/public/nginx 1.2.1 2dc68ff797db 2 years ago 172MB [gh@localhost ~]$
docker image rm : 删除镜像
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker image rm hub.c.163.com/library/busybox Untagged: hub.c.163.com/library/busybox:latest Untagged: hub.c.163.com/library/busybox@sha256:662af1d642674367b721645652de96f9c147417c2efb708eee4e9b7212697762 Deleted: sha256:d20ae45477cbc89863fff11d01cdccf28e4ff06ce2eb2f0206ef971b14eaf6c0 Deleted: sha256:6a749002dd6a65988a6696ca4d0c4cbe87145df74e3bf6feae4025ab28f420f2 [gh@localhost ~]$ docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hub.c.163.com/public/nginx 1.2.1 2dc68ff797db 2 years ago 172MB [gh@localhost ~]$
docker image tag：创建标签和仓库名称。（只是一个引用，类似软链接）
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox latest d20ae45477cb 16 months ago 1.13MB hub.c.163.com/public/nginx 1.2.1 2dc68ff797db 2 years ago 172MB [gh@localhost ~]$ docker image tag hub.c.163.com/public/nginx:1.2.1 nginx:1.2.1 [gh@localhost ~]$ docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox latest d20ae45477cb 16 months ago 1.13MB nginx 1.2.1 2dc68ff797db 2 years ago 172MB hub.c.163.com/public/nginx 1.2.1 2dc68ff797db 2 years ago 172MB [gh@localhost ~]$
更多操作： docker image --help
2. container 操作
---- docker container ls ：查看容器
---- docker container create ：创建但不运行容器
---- docker container start : 运行已经创建的容器
---- docker container run : 创建并运行容器
---- docker container stop : 停止运行容器
---- docker container pause : 暂停容器
---- docker container unpause ： 恢复暂停的容器
更多操作： docker container --help
使用帮助：docker container run --help
---- docker container run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
---- docker container create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
[COMMAND]：可传入容器运行的命令
[ARG...] ： 传入参数
[OPTIONS]：选项
-t ：使用终端
-i ：交互式访问
--name：名称
--network：网络（不加默认桥接网络）
[gh@localhost ~]$ ifconfig docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255 ether 02:42:86:28:05:ff txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
--rm : 容器一停就删除
-d ：后台运行
---- 用终端交互式运行容器 busybox
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container run --name aaaaa -it hub.c.163.com/library/busybox / # / # ls bin dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var / #
---- 在容器里面创建 /var/html 文件夹
/ # mkdir /var/html / # ls /var/html/ / #
---- 创建 index.html 文件并写入文字
/ # cat /var/html/index.html ------------ ccccccccccccccccccccc ----------------- / #
---- 查看httpd命令
/ # httpd -help
-p：监听端口，默认80
-h：网页根目录
-f：前台运行
---- 运行httpd服务
/ # httpd -f -h /var/html/
---- 打开另一个终端查看容器
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES df6c8e341432 hub.c.163.com/library/busybox "sh" 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes aaaaa [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 查看名字为 aaaaa 的地址
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container inspect aaaaa |grep "IPAddress" "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 访问容器 httpd 服务
[gh@localhost ~]$ curl 172.17.0.2 ------------ ccccccccccccccccccccc ----------------- [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 退出aaaaa容器
/ # httpd -f -h /var/html/ ^C / # exit [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 查看容器
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [gh@localhost ~]$ docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES df6c8e341432 hub.c.163.com/library/busybox "sh" 28 hours ago Exited (130) About a minute ago aaaaa [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 运行停止的容器并进入交互式终端
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container start -i aaaaa / # / # exit [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 直接运行容器（默认为守护进程）
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container start aaaaa aaaaa [gh@localhost ~]$ docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES df6c8e341432 hub.c.163.com/library/busybox "sh" 28 hours ago Up 12 seconds aaaaa [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 进入已经运行的容器
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container attach aaaaa / # / # exit [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 删除已经停止的容器
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container rm aaaaa aaaaa [gh@localhost ~]$ docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 容器里的程序必须运行在前台，不然容器一运行就结束了
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container run --name web1 -d hub.c.163.com/library/busybox 302f332ee47165b59c867c1316d17fb7ffc964c9f3819884ba0e426bbd113a94 [gh@localhost ~]$ docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [gh@localhost ~]$ docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 302f332ee471 hub.c.163.com/library/busybox "sh" 11 seconds ago Exited (0) 10 seconds ago web1 [gh@localhost ~]$
COMMAND 显示了"sh"说明容器里运行的是shell，容器一运行就结束.要加-it交互式终端运行
---- 后台运行nginx
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container run --name web1 -d nginx:1.2.1 d711ad57db0e874433f1111e45899265ac162be3d72a0bf28e5c7a13ab0e2f00 [gh@localhost ~]$ docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d711ad57db0e nginx:1.2.1 "/bin/sh -c '/etc/in…" 11 seconds ago Up 11 seconds 22/tcp, 80/tcp, 443/tcp web1 [gh@localhost ~]$
COMMAND显示了容器运行在前台的命令，PORTS 为端口映射
---- 访问映射的80端口
[gh@localhost ~]$ curl 172.17.0.2 <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black"> <center><h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1></center> </body> </html> [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 停止容器并尝试交互式终端启动
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container stop web1 web1 [gh@localhost ~]$ docker container start web1 start [gh@localhost ~]$ docker container start -ai web1 Starting nginx: nginx.
前台运行着 nginx
---- 向web1容器执行命令
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container exec web1 ls -l /bin/sh lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Mar 1 2012 /bin/sh -> dash [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 绕过主进程交互式终端执行容器shell命令
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container exec -it web1 /bin/sh # ps -e PID TTY TIME CMD 1 ? 00:00:00 sh 10 ? 00:00:00 nginx 11 ? 00:00:00 sshd 12 ? 00:00:00 nginx 13 ? 00:00:00 nginx 14 ? 00:00:00 nginx 15 ? 00:00:00 nginx 158 pts/0 00:00:00 sh 163 pts/0 00:00:00 ps # exit [gh@localhost ~]$
能够看到第一个shell，即前台，正在运行Nginx。
---- 把Nginx停止，容器也停止
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container exec web1 ps -e PID TTY TIME CMD 1 ? 00:00:00 sh 10 ? 00:00:00 nginx 11 ? 00:00:00 sshd 12 ? 00:00:00 nginx 13 ? 00:00:00 nginx 14 ? 00:00:00 nginx 15 ? 00:00:00 nginx 16 ? 00:00:00 ps [gh@localhost ~]$ docker container exec web1 kill -2 10 11 [gh@localhost ~]$ docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [gh@localhost ~]$
---- 查看容器日志
[gh@localhost ~]$ docker container logs web1
Starting nginx: nginx.
[gh@localhost ~]$
日志不是保存在文件里，而是直接输出终端
