Java事务之七——使用Transactional注解
在本系列的上一篇文章中,我们讲到了使用动态代理的方式完成事务处理,这种方式将service层的所有public方法都加入到事务中,这显然不是我们需要的,需要代理的只是那些需要操作数据库的方法。在本篇中,我们将讲到如何使用Java注解(Annotation)来标记需要事务处理的方法。
这是一个关于Java事务处理的系列文章,请通过以下方式下载github源代码:
git clone https://github.com/davenkin/java_transaction_workshop.git
首先定义Transactional注解:
package davenkin.step6_annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Transactional
{
}
使用注解标记事务的基本原理为:依然使用上一篇中讲到的动态代理的方式,只是在InvocationHandler的invoke方法中,首先判断被代理的方法是否标记有Transactional注解,如果没有则直接调用method.invoke(proxied, objects),否则,先准备事务,在调用method.invoke(proxied, objects),然后根据该方法是否执行成功调用commit或rollback。定义TransactionEnabledAnnotationProxyManager如下:
package davenkin.step6_annotation;
import davenkin.step3_connection_holder.TransactionManager;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
public class TransactionEnabledAnnotationProxyManager
{
private TransactionManager transactionManager;
public TransactionEnabledAnnotationProxyManager(TransactionManager transactionManager)
{
this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
}
public Object proxyFor(Object object)
{
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(object.getClass().getClassLoader(), object.getClass().getInterfaces(), new AnnotationTransactionInvocationHandler(object, transactionManager));
}
}
class AnnotationTransactionInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler
{
private Object proxied;
private TransactionManager transactionManager;
AnnotationTransactionInvocationHandler(Object object, TransactionManager transactionManager)
{
this.proxied = object;
this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
}
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] objects) throws Throwable
{
Method originalMethod = proxied.getClass().getMethod(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
if (!originalMethod.isAnnotationPresent(Transactional.class))
{
return method.invoke(proxied, objects);
}
transactionManager.start();
Object result = null;
try
{
result = method.invoke(proxied, objects);
transactionManager.commit();
} catch (Exception e)
{
transactionManager.rollback();
} finally
{
transactionManager.close();
}
return result;
}
}
可以看到,在AnnotationTransactionInvocationHandler的invoke方法中,我们首先获得原service的transfer方法,然后根据originalMethod.isAnnotationPresent(Transactional.class)判断该方法是否标记有Transactional注解,如果没有,则任何额外功能都不加,直接调用原来service的transfer方法;否则,将其加入到事务处理中。
在service层中,我们只需将需要加入事务处理的方法用Transactional注解标记就行了:
package davenkin.step6_annotation;
import davenkin.BankService;
import davenkin.step3_connection_holder.ConnectionHolderBankDao;
import davenkin.step3_connection_holder.ConnectionHolderInsuranceDao;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
public class AnnotationBankService implements BankService
{
private ConnectionHolderBankDao connectionHolderBankDao;
private ConnectionHolderInsuranceDao connectionHolderInsuranceDao;
public AnnotationBankService(DataSource dataSource)
{
connectionHolderBankDao = new ConnectionHolderBankDao(dataSource);
connectionHolderInsuranceDao = new ConnectionHolderInsuranceDao(dataSource);
}
@Transactional
public void transfer(final int fromId, final int toId, final int amount)
{
try
{
connectionHolderBankDao.withdraw(fromId, amount);
connectionHolderInsuranceDao.deposit(toId, amount);
} catch (Exception e)
{
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
}
然后执行测试:
@Test
public void transferFailure() throws SQLException
{
TransactionEnabledAnnotationProxyManager transactionEnabledAnnotationProxyManager = new TransactionEnabledAnnotationProxyManager(new TransactionManager(dataSource));
BankService bankService = new AnnotationBankService(dataSource);
BankService proxyBankService = (BankService) transactionEnabledAnnotationProxyManager.proxyFor(bankService);
int toNonExistId = 3333;
proxyBankService.transfer(1111, toNonExistId, 200);
assertEquals(1000, getBankAmount(1111));
assertEquals(1000, getInsuranceAmount(2222));
}
测试运行成功,如果将AnnotationBankService中transfer方法的Transactional注解删除,那么以上测试将抛出RuntimeException异常,该异常为transfer方法中我们人为抛出的,也即由于此时没有事务来捕捉异常,程序便直接抛出该异常而终止运行。在下一篇(本系列最后一篇)文章中,我们将讲到分布式事务的一个入门例子。