WCF开发之宿主（Hosting）

WCF想要对外提供服务，那么需要一个宿主来容纳这些服务。

宿主环境
• Self-hosting
– 控制台应用程序，Windows应用程序，Windows服务
– HTTP, TCP, named pipes, Microsoft® Message Queuing (MSMQ)
• IIS/Microsoft® ASP.NET
– HTTP
• Windows Activation Service （windows2008/IIS7的新东西）
– HTTP, TCP, named pipes, MSMQ

下面分别介绍这几种不同的宿主：

Self-Hosting
• ServiceHost实例必须进行初始化来为服务暴露出端点（endpoint）
• 每个ServiceHost与指定的服务类型（接口）相关联
• Self-hosting环境手动创建实例
• 核心方法：
– Open() – 打开信道监听器
– Close() – 关闭信道监听器

ServiceHost配置（1）
• 可以通过程序进行配置：
ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(HelloIndigo.HelloIndigoService));
host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(HelloIndigo.IHelloIndigoService), new NetTcpBinding(),"net.tcp://localhost:9000/HelloIndigo");
host.Open();

ServiceHost配置（2）
以通过置设置进行初始化
ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(HelloIndigo.HelloIndigoService));
host.Open();

• 可配：
<system.serviceModel>
<services>
<service name="HelloIndigo.HelloIndigoService" >
<endpoint address="net.tcp://localhost:9000/HelloIndigoService" binding="netTcpBinding" contract="HelloIndigo.IHelloIndigoService" />
</service>
</services>
</system.serviceModel>

这2个Demo就不给大家作了，在前面的文章中作了无数遍，呵呵。节约时间，继续往下看。

多服务（1）
ServiceHost hostA = null;
ServiceHost hostB = null;
try
{
hostA = new ServiceHost(typeof(BusinessServices.ServiceA));
hostB = new ServiceHost(typeof(BusinessServices.ServiceB));
hostA.Open();
hostB.Open();
Console.ReadLine();
}
finally
{
hostA.Close();
hostB.Close();
}

多服务（2）
<services>
<service name="BusinessServices.ServiceA">
<endpoint address="http://localhost:8000/ServiceA" contract="BusinessServices.IServiceA" binding="basicHttpBinding" />
</service>
<service name="BusinessServices.ServiceB">
<endpoint address="http://localhost:8000/ServiceB" contract="BusinessServices.IServiceB" binding="basicHttpBinding" />
</service>
</services>

ServiceHost事件
• 可以钩住ServiceHost事件：
– Opening, Opened
– Closing, Closed
– Faulted, UnknownMessageReceived
ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(ExceptionService.Service));
host.Faulted += new EventHandler(OnFaulted);
host.Open();
static void OnFaulted(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// TODO: report to administrator
}

服务行为（Service Behaviors）
• 可以通过程序与服务行为进行交互，也可以通过配置的方式
ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(ExceptionService.Service));
ServiceDebugBehavior debugBehavior = host.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceDebugBehavior>();
if (debugBehavior == null)
{
debugBehavior = new ServiceDebugBehavior();
host.Description.Behaviors.Add(debugBehavior);
}
debugBehavior.IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults = true;
host.Open();

IIS/WAS宿主
请求根据.svc文件在IIS中的扩展映射到中WCFService中
<% @ServiceHost="HelloIndigo.HelloIndigoService" %>
• 服务类型与@ServiceHost的声明相关
• ServiceHost实例化为服务类型

Self-Hosting 与 IIS/WAS
• Self-hosted的端点（endpoint）可以直接进行配置
• IIS/WAS 端点与.svc文件相关联

对于传统的IIS来说，如果WCF用它来做宿主，那么只支持Http的binding。

对于传统的IIS作为宿主有一个好处，就是当客户端发起一个请求，每个不同的请求会在同一服务进程的不同Domain里处理，也就是说如果一个恶意的攻击成功了，他只会影响到某一个App Domain，其他的Domain不会受到影响仍然可以正常工作，服务本身的进程也不会受到影响、那些运行的dll也不会受到影响，这是IIS和.Net Framework的运行方式决定的，是特性。如果用命令行窗口程序的话，一旦恶意攻击成功，那么整个服务就用可能完全瘫痪。

WAS(Windows Process Activation Service)：他扩展出了不同Binding的监听器和接口，所以它可以适应更多的通信方式。IIS7中才支持。

Demo:

对于WAS目前只支持在IIS7中支持，并且操作系统Server2008。可以在Server Manager添加IIS7这个Feature，然后把WAS也同时安装进去，并且启动WAS服务Windows Process Activation Service。同时可以检查下Services里的相关监听器服务是否已启用（e.g. Net.Tcp.ListenerAdapter服务）。这些都没有问题了就可以使用WAS了。个人建议把所有WebServer的Feature都装上。

VS2008可以创建一个Web方式的WCF工程，很方便，变成方式一样，配置方式也差不多。应为时IIS管理服务，如果在IE中看不到服务的话，可以尝试选中目标虚拟目录，双击Directory Browsing，然后启用即可，一般都可以搞定。

唯一不太一样的地方是Service.svc: <%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="Service" CodeBehind="~/App_Code/Service.cs" %> 其他都差不多，配置是防盗Web.config里的。

<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="Service" CodeBehind="~/App_Code/Service.cs" %>

Web.config代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<configuration>

    <configSections>
      <sectionGroup name="system.web.extensions" type="System.Web.Configuration.SystemWebExtensionsSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35">
        <sectionGroup name="scripting" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35">
          <section name="scriptResourceHandler" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingScriptResourceHandlerSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication" />
          <sectionGroup name="webServices" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingWebServicesSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35">
            <section name="jsonSerialization" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingJsonSerializationSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="Everywhere" />
            <section name="profileService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingProfileServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication" />
            <section name="authenticationService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingAuthenticationServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication" />
            <section name="roleService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingRoleServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication" />
          </sectionGroup>
        </sectionGroup>
      </sectionGroup>
    </configSections>

    <appSettings />
    <connectionStrings />

    <system.web>
        
        <compilation debug="false">

          <assemblies>
            <add assembly="System.Core, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089" />
            <add assembly="System.Xml.Linq, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089" />
            <add assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
            <add assembly="System.Data.DataSetExtensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089" />
          </assemblies>

        </compilation>
        
        <authentication mode="Windows" />
        

      <pages>
        <controls>
          <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        </controls>
      </pages>

      <httpHandlers>
        <remove verb="*" path="*.asmx" />
        <add verb="*" path="*.asmx" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" validate="false" />
      </httpHandlers>
      <httpModules>
        <add name="ScriptModule" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
      </httpModules>

    </system.web>

    <system.codedom>
      <compilers>
        <compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" warningLevel="4" type="Microsoft.CSharp.CSharpCodeProvider, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089">
          <providerOption name="CompilerVersion" value="v3.5" />
          <providerOption name="WarnAsError" value="false" />
        </compiler>
        <compiler language="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript" extension=".vb" warningLevel="4" type="Microsoft.VisualBasic.VBCodeProvider, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089">
          <providerOption name="CompilerVersion" value="v3.5" />
          <providerOption name="OptionInfer" value="true" />
          <providerOption name="WarnAsError" value="false" />
        </compiler>
      </compilers>
    </system.codedom>

    <system.web.extensions>
      <scripting>
        <webServices>
          
          
          
        </webServices>
        
      </scripting>
    </system.web.extensions>
    
    <system.webServer>
      <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
      <modules>
        <add name="ScriptModule" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
      </modules>
      <handlers>
        <remove name="WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated" />
        <add name="ScriptHandlerFactory" verb="*" path="*.asmx" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices" verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add name="ScriptResource" preCondition="integratedMode" verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
      </handlers>
        <directoryBrowse enabled="true" />
    </system.webServer>

  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <service name="Service" behaviorConfiguration="ServiceBehavior">
        
        <endpoint address="wsHttp" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="IService" name="wsHttpBinding_IService">
          
          <identity>
            <dns value="localhost" />
          </identity>
        </endpoint>

        <endpoint address="netTcp" contract="IService" binding="netTcpBinding" name="netTcpBinding_IService" />
        <endpoint address="netPipe" contract="IService" binding="netNamedPipeBinding" name="netNamedPipeBinding_IService" />
        <endpoint address="basicHttp" contract="IService" binding="basicHttpBinding" name="basicHttpBinding_IService" />


        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="ServiceBehavior">
          
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
          
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

Service.cs 代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Text;

// NOTE: If you change the interface name "IService" here, you must also update the reference to "IService" in Web.config.
[ServiceContract]
public interface IService
{
    [OperationContract]
    string GetData(int value);
}

public class Service : IService
{
    public string GetData(int value)
    {
        return string.Format("You entered: {0}", value);
    }
}

Client 代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ServiceReference.ServiceClient proxy = new ConsoleApplication1.ServiceReference.ServiceClient("wsHttpBinding_IService");
            string s = proxy.GetData(1);
            Console.WriteLine(s);

            proxy = new ConsoleApplication1.ServiceReference.ServiceClient("netTcpBinding_IService");
            s = proxy.GetData(2);
            Console.WriteLine(s);

            proxy = new ConsoleApplication1.ServiceReference.ServiceClient("netNamedPipeBinding_IService");
            s = proxy.GetData(3);
            Console.WriteLine(s);

            proxy = new ConsoleApplication1.ServiceReference.ServiceClient("basicHttpBinding_IService");
            s = proxy.GetData(4);
            Console.WriteLine(s);
        }
    }
}

可以看出客户端是通过名字来区别使用哪个通信协议的。

在这里还要提一下WAS的配置方法，本人搞了半天才研究明白。

这些是默认站点的Binding配置，使自动建立的，我们需要知道Type的名称。然后，把这些Type到家到服务的虚拟目录的Advanced-Settings里，如下图：

只用作了上面的配置，WCF的服务才可以利用WAS来正常被客户端引用，否则会报出异常。

Windows应用程序: 通常用于在客户端安装，来控制WCF服务的开启和关闭。

Windows应用程序（1）
• Windows® Forms 或者WPF
• 从客户端主机暴露服务
• 需要对上下文同步有所认识
– UI线程或者其他线程
• 值得注意：
– ServiceHost需要手动打开
–判断服务是否需要上下文同步

Windows应用程序（2）
• 如果ServiceHost在非UI线程上打开，服务操
作会在新线程上进行操作
• 如果在UI线程上调用，服务会自动加入到该线
程上，除非UseSynchronizationContext
设置为false
– 可配置的服务行为（service behavior）

有些东西要知道：

[ServiceBehavior(UseSynchronizationContext=true, ConcurrencyMode=ConcurrencyMode.Reentrant)]主要区别在于对线程的管理。

ConcurrencyMode.Single：对于一个服务对象的调用，同时只允许一个现成在处理。不可重入的调用模型。
ConcurrencyMode.Reentrant：可重入的调用模型，同时只允许一个现成在处理，当一个调用请求调用了服务的一个方法，在服务方法中有调用了自己本身。
ConcurrencyMode.Multiple：完全并发访问，同时只允许多个现成在处理，可重入，但要代码控制线程安全。

Callback的过程：

Client--Service Request-->Service (1)

Client<--Callback Request--Service (2)

Client--Callback Response-->Service (3)

Client<--Service Response--Service (4)

总体看来，Window应用程序作为宿主，要考虑很多线程方便的东西，尤其是在callback的方式下，其他的宿主可以自动控制，所以相比之下Windows应用程序在这方便相对麻烦一些。

Demo：

MessagingService 代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Messaging
{
    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://www.cnblogs.com/charlesliu", CallbackContract = typeof(IMessagingServiceCallback))]
    public interface IMessagingService
    {
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay=false)]
        void SendMessage(string message);
    }

    public interface IMessagingServiceCallback
    {
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay=true)]
        void MessageNotification(string message);
    }

    [ServiceBehavior(UseSynchronizationContext=true, ConcurrencyMode=ConcurrencyMode.Reentrant)]
    public class MessagingService : IMessagingService
    {
        public void SendMessage(string message)
        {
            IMessagingServiceCallback callback = OperationContext.Current.GetCallbackChannel<IMessagingServiceCallback>();
            MessageBox.Show(String.Format("Message '{0}' received on thread {1} : MessageLoop = {2}", message, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(), Application.MessageLoop), "MessagingService.SendMessage()");
            callback.MessageNotification(string.Format("MessagingService received message at {0}", DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()));
        }
    }
}

Windows host 代码

// © 2007 Michele Leroux Bustamante. All rights reserved
// Book: Learning WCF, O'Reilly
// Book Blog: www.thatindigogirl.com
// Michele's Blog: www.dasblonde.net
// IDesign: www.idesign.net

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Threading;

namespace WindowsHost
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        ServiceHost m_serviceHost;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.button2.Enabled=false;

            m_serviceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(Messaging.MessagingService));
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.button1.Enabled = false;
            this.button2.Enabled = true;
            m_serviceHost.Open();
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.button1.Enabled = true;
            this.button2.Enabled = false;
            m_serviceHost.Close();
        }

        private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
        {
            DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("Are you sure you want to close the service?", "Service Controller", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button2);

            if (result == DialogResult.Yes)
            {
                if (m_serviceHost != null)
                {
                    m_serviceHost.Close();
                    m_serviceHost = null;
                }
            }
            else
                e.Cancel=true;
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.Text += ": UI Thread " + Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode();
        }

    }
}

Host config代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" />
  </system.web>
  
  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <service name="Messaging.MessagingService" behaviorConfiguration="Messaging.Service1Behavior">
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress = "net.tcp://localhost:8731/Design_Time_Addresses/WcfServiceLibrary1/Service1/" />
            <add baseAddress = "http://localhost:8732/Design_Time_Addresses/WcfServiceLibrary1/Service1/" />
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
        
        
        <endpoint address ="" binding="netTcpBinding" contract="Messaging.IMessagingService">
          
          <identity>
            <dns value="localhost"/>
          </identity>
        </endpoint>
        
        
        
        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/>
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="Messaging.Service1Behavior">
          
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="True"/>
          
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="False" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

Client 代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Threading;
using WindowsClient.ServiceReference1;
using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WindowsClient
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        ServiceReference1.MessagingServiceClient proxy;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.Text += ": ThreadId " + Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode().ToString();
            MessagingServiceCallback callbackType = new MessagingServiceCallback();
            InstanceContext context = new InstanceContext(callbackType);
            proxy = new MessagingServiceClient(context);


        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            proxy.SendMessage(string.Format("Hello from {0} ", this.Text));
        }
    }

    [CallbackBehavior(UseSynchronizationContext = false)]
    internal class MessagingServiceCallback : IMessagingServiceCallback
    {
        #region IMessagingServiceCallback Members

        public void MessageNotification(string message)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(String.Format("Message '{0}' received on thread {1} : MessageLoop = {2}", message, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(), Application.MessageLoop), "IMessagingServiceCallback.MessageNotification()");
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

Windows服务宿主

• 用于无人值守的服务器主机
• 也可以部署在客户端主机
– 需要对Windows服务进行额外的配置
• 当主机启动时，宿主环境初始化，如果发生错误可以重新启动
• 打开与关闭Windows服务时，ServiceHost实例也会被打开与关闭

Demo：

Service 代码

Windows Service Host代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using Messaging;

namespace WindowsServiceHost
{
    public partial class ServiceHost : ServiceBase
    {
        System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost host;

        public ServiceHost()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.ServiceName = "MessageServiceHost_EventLog";
        }

        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
            host = new System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost(typeof(MessagingService));
            host.Faulted+=new EventHandler(host_Faulted);
            host.Open();

            string baseAddresses = "";
            foreach (Uri address in host.BaseAddresses)
            {
                baseAddresses += " " + address.AbsoluteUri;
            }
            string s = String.Format("{0} listening at {1}", this.ServiceName, baseAddresses);
            this.EventLog.WriteEntry(s, EventLogEntryType.Information);
        }

        void host_Faulted(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string s = String.Format("{0} has faulted, notify administrators of this problem", this.ServiceName);
            this.EventLog.WriteEntry(s, EventLogEntryType.Error);
        }

        protected override void OnStop()
        {
            if (host != null)
            {
                host.Close();
                string s = String.Format("{0} stopped", this.ServiceName);
                this.EventLog.WriteEntry(s, EventLogEntryType.Information);
            }

            host = null;
        }
    }
}

Host config 代码

对于Windows Service的开发这里不详细探讨，可以参考其他学习资料。其实很简单，上边的就是核心代码，写完后再设计窗口右键鼠标，选择Add Installer，会自动产生安装类。然后再VS2008.NET Command窗口，用installutil servicename.exe (/u)来安装和写在Windows Service，然后就可以在管理工具/Service下找到这个Service了，开启服务后，Client就可以调用WCF服务了。

Client 代码

宿主的应用场景
• 在每个平台上选择不同类型的宿主
• Windows Server® 2003
– 在IIS 6上应用HTTP协议
– 在Windows服务上应用non-HTTP
• Windows Server® 2008（Longhorn）
– 在IIS 7/WAS可以应用所有的协议
• Windows® XP Service Pack 2 与Windows Vista®
– 客户端主机运行Windows应用程序，或者Windows服务

（完）

posted @ 2010-03-29 17:30 烟鬼阅读(8387) 评论(1) 编辑收藏举报

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其实我不但抽烟，而且基本上算是个烟鬼！

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