Django—CRM项目练习
一、准备
1.创建django项目 命名为my_crm
2.配置app 命名为 crm
3.创建数据库 mysql : create database my_crm;
4.setting配置
- static配置
# setting文件 STATIC_URL = '/static/' STATICFILES_DIRS = [ os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static") ]
- 注册app
# setting.py INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'crm.apps.CrmConfig', # <---- 注册app ]
- 配置数据库信息
# setting.py DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'my_crm', 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', 'PORT': 3306, 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': '123456' } }
# my_crm 下的 __init__.py import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
- 还有一些其他配置,在使用时再进行配置(中间件注册等)
二、数据表建立
我们在配置好setting后要建立类与数据表的对应关系,称为ORM-对象关系映射
示例 : 培训机构的客户管理系统
# models.py文件 from django.db import models from multiselectfield import MultiSelectField course_choices = (('Linux', 'Linux中高级'), ('PythonFullStack', 'Python高级全栈开发'),) class_type_choices = (('fulltime', '脱产班',), ('online', '网络班'), ('weekend', '周末班',),) source_type = (('qq', "qq群"), ('referral', "内部转介绍"), ('website', "官方网站"), ('baidu_ads', "百度推广"), ('office_direct', "直接上门"), ('WoM', "口碑"), ('public_class', "公开课"), ('website_luffy', "路飞官网"), ('others', "其它"),) enroll_status_choices = (('signed', "已报名"), ('unregistered', "未报名"), ('studying', '学习中'), ('paid_in_full', "学费已交齐")) seek_status_choices = (('A', '近期无报名计划'), ('B', '1个月内报名'), ('C', '2周内报名'), ('D', '1周内报名'), ('E', '定金'), ('F', '到班'), ('G', '全款'), ('H', '无效'),) pay_type_choices = (('deposit', "订金/报名费"), ('tuition', "学费"), ('transfer', "转班"), ('dropout', "退学"), ('refund', "退款"),) attendance_choices = (('checked', "已签到"), ('vacate', "请假"), ('late', "迟到"), ('absence', "缺勤"), ('leave_early', "早退"),) score_choices = ((100, 'A+'), (90, 'A'), (85, 'B+'), (80, 'B'), (70, 'B-'), (60, 'C+'), (50, 'C'), (40, 'C-'), (0, ' D'), (-1, 'N/A'), (-100, 'COPY'), (-1000, 'FAIL'),) class Department(models.Model): """ 部门表 """ name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="部门名称") count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="人数", default=0) def __str__(self): return self.name class UserProfile(models.Model): """ 用户表 """ username = models.EmailField(max_length=255, unique=True, ) password = models.CharField(max_length=128) name = models.CharField('名字', max_length=32) department = models.ForeignKey('Department', default=None, blank=True, null=True) mobile = models.CharField('手机', max_length=32, default=None, blank=True, null=True) memo = models.TextField('备注', blank=True, null=True, default=None) date_joined = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) def __str__(self): return str(self.id) class Customer(models.Model): """ 客户表 """ qq = models.CharField('QQ', max_length=64, unique=True, help_text='QQ号必须唯一') qq_name = models.CharField('QQ昵称', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) name = models.CharField('姓名', max_length=32, blank=True, null=True, help_text='学员报名后,请改为真实姓名') sex_type = (('male', '男'), ('female', '女')) sex = models.CharField("性别", choices=sex_type, max_length=16, default='male', blank=True, null=True) birthday = models.DateField('出生日期', default=None, help_text="格式yyyy-mm-dd", blank=True, null=True) phone = models.BigIntegerField('手机号', blank=True, null=True) source = models.CharField('客户来源', max_length=64, choices=source_type, default='qq') introduce_from = models.ForeignKey('self', verbose_name="转介绍自学员", blank=True, null=True) course = MultiSelectField("咨询课程", choices=course_choices) class_type = models.CharField("班级类型", max_length=64, choices=class_type_choices, default='fulltime') customer_note = models.TextField("客户备注", blank=True, null=True, ) status = models.CharField("状态", choices=enroll_status_choices, max_length=64, default="unregistered", help_text="选择客户此时的状态") last_consult_date = models.DateField("最后跟进日期", auto_now_add=True) next_date = models.DateField("预计再次跟进时间", blank=True, null=True) consultant = models.ForeignKey('UserProfile', verbose_name="销售", related_name='customers', blank=True, null=True, ) class_list = models.ManyToManyField('ClassList', verbose_name="已报班级", ) def __str__(self): return str(self.id) class Campuses(models.Model): """ 校区表 """ name = models.CharField(verbose_name='校区', max_length=64) address = models.CharField(verbose_name='详细地址', max_length=512, blank=True, null=True) def __str__(self): return self.name class ClassList(models.Model): """ 班级表 """ course = models.CharField("课程名称", max_length=64, choices=course_choices) semester = models.IntegerField("学期") campuses = models.ForeignKey('Campuses', verbose_name="校区") price = models.IntegerField("学费", default=10000) memo = models.CharField('说明', blank=True, null=True, max_length=100) start_date = models.DateField("开班日期") graduate_date = models.DateField("结业日期", blank=True, null=True) teachers = models.ManyToManyField('UserProfile', verbose_name="老师") class_type = models.CharField(choices=class_type_choices, max_length=64, verbose_name='班额及类型', blank=True, null=True) class Meta: unique_together = ("course", "semester", 'campuses') def __str__(self): return "{}{}{}".format(self.campuses,self.course,self.semester) class ConsultRecord(models.Model): """ 跟进记录表 """ customer = models.ForeignKey('Customer', verbose_name="所咨询客户") note = models.TextField(verbose_name="跟进内容...") status = models.CharField("跟进状态", max_length=8, choices=seek_status_choices, help_text="选择客户此时的状态") consultant = models.ForeignKey("UserProfile", verbose_name="跟进人", related_name='records') date = models.DateTimeField("跟进日期", auto_now_add=True) delete_status = models.BooleanField(verbose_name='删除状态', default=False) class Enrollment(models.Model): """ 报名表 """ why_us = models.TextField("为什么报名", max_length=1024, default=None, blank=True, null=True) your_expectation = models.TextField("学完想达到的具体期望", max_length=1024, blank=True, null=True) contract_agreed = models.BooleanField("我已认真阅读完培训协议并同意全部协议内容", default=False) contract_approved = models.BooleanField("审批通过", help_text="在审阅完学员的资料无误后勾选此项,合同即生效", default=False) enrolled_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="报名日期") memo = models.TextField('备注', blank=True, null=True) delete_status = models.BooleanField(verbose_name='删除状态', default=False) customer = models.ForeignKey('Customer', verbose_name='客户名称') school = models.ForeignKey('Campuses') enrolment_class = models.ForeignKey("ClassList", verbose_name="所报班级") class Meta: unique_together = ('enrolment_class', 'customer') class PaymentRecord(models.Model): """ 缴费记录表 """ pay_type = models.CharField("费用类型", choices=pay_type_choices, max_length=64, default="deposit") paid_fee = models.IntegerField("费用数额", default=0) note = models.TextField("备注", blank=True, null=True) date = models.DateTimeField("交款日期", auto_now_add=True) course = models.CharField("课程名", choices=course_choices, max_length=64, blank=True, null=True, default='N/A') class_type = models.CharField("班级类型", choices=class_type_choices, max_length=64, blank=True, null=True, default='N/A') enrolment_class = models.ForeignKey('ClassList', verbose_name='所报班级', blank=True, null=True) customer = models.ForeignKey('Customer', verbose_name="客户") consultant = models.ForeignKey('UserProfile', verbose_name="销售") delete_status = models.BooleanField(verbose_name='删除状态', default=False) status_choices = ( (1, '未审核'), (2, '已审核'), ) status = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='审核', default=1, choices=status_choices) confirm_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="确认日期", null=True, blank=True) confirm_user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="确认人", to='UserProfile', related_name='confirms', null=True, blank=True) class CourseRecord(models.Model): """课程记录表""" day_num = models.IntegerField("节次", help_text="此处填写第几节课或第几天课程...,必须为数字") date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="上课日期") course_title = models.CharField('本节课程标题', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) course_memo = models.TextField('本节课程内容', max_length=300, blank=True, null=True) has_homework = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name="本节有作业") homework_title = models.CharField('本节作业标题', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) homework_memo = models.TextField('作业描述', max_length=500, blank=True, null=True) scoring_point = models.TextField('得分点', max_length=300, blank=True, null=True) re_class = models.ForeignKey('ClassList', verbose_name="班级") teacher = models.ForeignKey('UserProfile', verbose_name="讲师",related_name="teacher" ) recorder = models.ForeignKey('UserProfile', verbose_name="记录者") class Meta: unique_together = ('re_class', 'day_num') class StudyRecord(models.Model): """ 学习记录 """ attendance = models.CharField("考勤", choices=attendance_choices, default="checked", max_length=64) score = models.IntegerField("本节成绩", choices=score_choices, default=-1) homework_note = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name='作业批语', blank=True, null=True) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) note = models.CharField("备注", max_length=255, blank=True, null=True) homework = models.FileField(verbose_name='作业文件', blank=True, null=True, default=None) course_record = models.ForeignKey('CourseRecord', verbose_name="某节课程") student = models.ForeignKey('Customer', verbose_name="学员") class Meta: unique_together = ('course_record', 'student')
之后向数据库提交
# 打开cmd 输入: python3 manage.py makemigrations python3 manage.py migrate
此时,打开数据库查询my_crm下的表,就能看到我们添加的表啦~
三、登录、注册功能
1.urls配置 (应用路由分配)
- 在crm(app)下创建urls.py文件,文件内容复制my_crm下urls.py的内容
- my_crm下的urls.py如下
# my_crm 下的 urls.py from django.conf.urls import url, include from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^crm/', include('crm.urls', namespace='crm')), ]
-
crm下的urls.py如下
# crm 下的url from django.conf.urls import url from crm import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^login/', views.login, name='login'), url(r'^reg/', views.reg, name='reg'), ]
2.views
由于我们不知道login和reg页面会传回哪些值,所以先将views中login方法和reg方法写成如下形式
from django.shortcuts import render def login(request): return render(request,"login.html") def reg(request): return render(request,"reg.html")
3.HTML页面
步骤:
1.这个步骤需要完成的功能有两个,一是展示登录/注册界面,二是将用户提交的值传回views交给对应的函数处理
2.我们先制作reg页面,查看models.py中的用户表,我们发现需要的字段有username、password、name三项必填项,其余均为选填项,可在后续添加完善个人信息功能,进行其他资料的填写
3.我们可以在后端调用django的form组件来生成HTML页面的input标签,所以现在crm下创建forms.py文件,内容如下
from django import forms class RegForm(forms.ModelForm): password = forms.CharField(min_length=6, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': '密码', 'autocomplete': 'off'})) # 添加一个确认密码的字段 re_password = forms.CharField(min_length=6, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': '确认密码', 'autocomplete': 'off'})) class Meta: model = models.UserProfile fields = '__all__' # ['username'] 展示的内容,也可写成列表形式,__all__代表展示全部 # exclude 后的字段不进行展示 exclude = ['is_active'] # is_active 是管理员级别的字段,默认是True,判断用户是否在职,一旦用户离职,便可以将该值设为False,禁止登陆管理系统 widgets = { 'username': forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': '用户名', 'autocomplete': 'off'}), 'password': forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': '密码', 'autocomplete': 'off'}), 'name': forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': '真实姓名', 'autocomplete': 'off'}), 'mobile': forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': '手机号', 'autocomplete': 'off'}), } # labels 可以设置各input框的label值 labels = { 'username': 'xxx' } # error_message 是form组件校验功能的一部分,它可以将用户输入的错误在前端展示出来 error_messages = { 'username': {} } # 全局钩子,验证两次密码是否一致 def clean(self): self._validate_unique = True # 到数据库校验唯一 password = self.cleaned_data.get('password') re_password = self.cleaned_data.get('re_password') if password == re_password: md5 = hashlib.md5() md5.update(password.encode('utf-8')) self.cleaned_data['password'] = md5.hexdigest() return self.cleaned_data self.add_error('re_password', '两次密码不一致!!') raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
4.在写好forms.py后,我们先将views内的reg函数完善,内容如下:
5.当发起get请求时reg函数向reg.html传了一个form_obj,我们利用这个将html页面完善(有一些样式信息,不要混淆)
<form action="" method="post" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} <div> {{ form_obj.username }} {{ form_obj.username.errors.0 }} </div> <div> {{ form_obj.password }} {{ form_obj.password.errors.0 }} </div> <div>{{ form_obj.re_password }} {{ form_obj.re_password.errors.0 }}</div> <div>{{ form_obj.name }} {{ form_obj.name.errors.0 }}</div> <div>{{ form_obj.department }} {{ form_obj.department.errors.0 }}</div> <div>{{ form_obj.mobile }} {{ form_obj.mobile.errors.0 }}</div> <div>{{ error }} </div> <button id="submit">Sign up</button> </form>
6.注册功能已经实现,我们来设计登录功能, 由于登录我们只需要验证用户名和密码是否在数据库中存在且一致,无需其他验证,所以我们可以不适用form组件实现,完善views中的login方法
def login(request): if request.method == 'POST': user = request.POST.get('username') pwd = request.POST.get('password') md5 = hashlib.md5() # 调用hashlab中的md5,对密码进行加密 md5.update(pwd.encode('utf-8')) pwd = md5.hexdigest() obj = models.UserProfile.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd, is_active=True).first() if obj: # session保存用户的id 登陆状态 request.session['user_id'] = obj.pk request.session['is_login'] = '1' return redirect('crm:customer_list') return render(request, 'login.html', {'error': '用户名或密码错误'}) return render(request, 'login.html')
7.完善html界面
<form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div> <input type="text" name="username" class="username" placeholder="Username" autocomplete="off"> </div> <div> <input type="password" name="password" class="password" placeholder="Password" oncontextmenu="return false" onpaste="return false"> </div> <div>{{ error }} </div> <button id="submit">Sign in</button> </form>
四、展示数据
1.展示数据分为公户数据和私户数据,就是每个销售要有自己的资源,他们可以将公共资源申请为己有单独对接,也可将不再跟进的客户提交到公户,让其他销售对接,公户展示和私户展示本质上的区别就是客户表中对应的销售字段。
2.销售字段为None时就是公户,其余均为私户。
3.无论公户和私户都需要登录后才能查看,用户只能查看到自己的私户数据,并不能查看到他人的私户数据
逻辑:
1.当用户登陆后,直接展示公户界面,界面中含有超链接可跳转到私户展示
2.登录验证我们要用到session,设置一个中间件,保存登录的用户对象,这样后面展示私户的时候就可以调用了
3.公户展示和私户展示后端的逻辑是一样的,只有一个字段的差别,所以我们可以用一个函数来实现这个功能,通过url的不同来判定走那个分支
实际操作:
1.我们先写出用户是否登录验证的中间件,在crm(app)下创建文件夹,通常命名为middlewares,在这个文件夹中创建一个py文件,名称随意,这里将它命名为my_middleware,在这个文件夹下就可以写我们自定义的中间件了,具体代码如下
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin from django.shortcuts import redirect, reverse from crm import models class AuthMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self, request): # 白名单 :因为我们的登陆和注册页面是不需要认证的,所以我们将这两个地址排除 url = request.path_info if url in [reverse('crm:login'), reverse('crm:reg')]: return # django自带的admin组件也是不需要认证的,所以我们将admin开头的全部页面都排除 if url.startswith('/admin'): return # 获取登陆状态 is_login = request.session.get('is_login') if is_login != '1': # 跳转登陆页面 return redirect('crm:login') # 查询用户对象 user_obj = models.UserProfile.objects.filter(pk=request.session.get('user_id')) request.user_obj = user_obj # request.user
,