使用Matplotlab画图

1.绘制折线图

#! /usr/bin/env python
#encoding=utf-8

# 用于python2
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')

# matplotlib绘制图片汉字不能正常显示问题
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = ["test" + str(i) for i in range(0, 20)]
y = np.random.rand(20)
# 设置图像窗口大小
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8), dpi=80)
plt.plot(x, y)
# 数字和字符串一一对应, 数据的长度一样, ratation旋转的度数
plt.xticks(x[::3], x[::3], rotation=90)

# labelpad    Spacing in points between the label and the x-axis
plt.xlabel(u"电影名称", labelpad=10)
plt.ylabel(u"上座率", labelpad=10)
plt.title(u"上座率变化情况")
plt.show()

 

2.绘制散点图

from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = ["电影" + str(i) for i in range(0, 20)]
y = np.random.randint(20, 200, 20)
# 设置图像窗口大小
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8), dpi=80)
plt.scatter(x, y, alpha=0.4, edgecolors='white')

# 数字和字符串一一对应, 数据的长度一样, ratation旋转的度数
plt.xticks(x, x, rotation=90)
# labelpad    Spacing in points between the label and the x-axis
plt.xlabel(u"电影名称", labelpad=10)
plt.ylabel(u"上座数量", labelpad=10)
plt.title(u"上座数量变化情况")
plt.show()

 

3.绘制水平条形图

from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = ["电影" + str(i) for i in range(0, 20)]
y = np.random.randint(20, 200, 20)
y = sorted(y, reverse=True)

# 设置图像窗口大小
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8), dpi=80)
plt.barh(range(len(x)), y, height=0.5, color='red')
plt.yticks(range(len(x)), x, color='black')
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.show()

 

4.绘制条形图

# 解决matplotlib绘制图片汉字不能正常显示问题
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = ["电影" + str(i) for i in range(0, 20)]
y = np.random.randint(20, 200, 20)
y = sorted(y, reverse=True)
# 设置图像窗口大小
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8), dpi=80)
plt.bar(range(len(x)), y, width=0.6)
# 数字和字符串一一对应, 数据的长度一样, ratation旋转的度数
plt.xticks(range(len(x)), x, rotation=90)

# labelpad    Spacing in points between the label and the x-axis
plt.xlabel(u"电影名称", labelpad=10)
plt.ylabel(u"上座数量", labelpad=10)
plt.title(u"上座数量变化情况")
plt.show()

 

5.绘制饼图

# matplotlib绘制图片汉字不能正常显示问题
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random

# 学习时间分配
pro_name = ["C++", "Python", "Java", "Go", "shell"]
pro_time = [10, 15, 5, 3, 1]

# 画饼
# plt.pie(pro_time, labels=pro_name, autopct="%3.2f%%", colors=["#ea6f5a", "#509839", "#0c8ac5", "#d29922", "#fdf6e3"])
plt.pie(pro_time, labels=pro_name, autopct="%3.2f%%")

# 指定标题
plt.title("学习时间分配")

# 保证为图形为正圆
plt.axis("equal")

plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.show()

 

6.绘制多条折线图

# 解决matplotlib绘制图片汉字不能正常显示问题
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random

x = [h for h in range(0, 24)]
hainan_y = [random.randint(15, 25) for t in range(0, 24)]

# 设置画板属性
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6), dpi = 100)

# 往画板绘图
plt.plot(x, hainan_y, label="海南")

# 模拟北京一天内温度的变化

# 生成y轴的温度随机值(5, 10)
beijing_y = [random.randint(7, 13) for t in range(0, 24)]
# 往画板绘图
plt.plot(x, beijing_y, label="北京")

# 模拟河北一天内温度的变化
hebei_y = [random.randint(1, 5) for t in range(0, 24)]
# 自定义绘制属性: 颜色color="#0c8ac5", linestyle"-"""--""-.":", 线宽linewidth, 透明度alpha
plt.plot(x, hebei_y, label="河北")

# 生成24小时的描述
x_ = [x_ for x_ in range(0, 24)]
x_desc = ["{}时".format(x_desc) for x_desc in x_]
# 设置x轴显示 24小时
plt.xticks(x_, x_desc)

# 生成10至30度的描述
y_ = [y_ for y_ in range(0, 30)][::2]
y_desc = ["{}℃".format(y_desc) for y_desc in y_]
# 设置y轴显示温度描述
plt.yticks(y_, y_desc)

# 指定x y轴的名称
plt.xlabel("时间")
plt.ylabel("温度")

# 指定标题
plt.title("一天内温度的变化")

# 显示图例
plt.legend(loc="best")

# 在浏览器内展示图片
plt.show()

 

7.绘制多个条形图

# 解决matplotlib绘制图片汉字不能正常显示问题
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = ['2019-06-10', '2019-06-11', '2019-06-12', '2019-06-13', '2019-06-14']
y = [[5000, 3000, 2000], [4000, 3000, 2500], [3000, 2400, 3400], [2000, 1500, 3500], [2000, 1000, 1500]]
label = ["最好的我们", '一般的我们', '比较差的我们']

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8), dpi=80)
plt.bar([i-0.1 for i in range(len(x))], [i[0] for i in y], width=0.1, label=label[0])
plt.bar([i for i in range(len(x))], [i[1] for i in y], width=0.1, label=label[1])
plt.bar([i+0.1 for i in range(len(x))], [i[2] for i in y], width=0.1, label=label[2])

plt.xlabel("日期", labelpad=10)
plt.ylabel("上座数量", labelpad=10)
plt.title("每天对应电影的上座数量")
plt.legend(loc="best")
#设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(range(len(x)), x)
plt.show()