Django在Window下的部署

转载 : codingsoho.com

前言

本文主要介绍利用apache去部署Django项目，所有步骤均在本机Window7和阿里云验证通过。

配置

本例的基本配置如下：

工作目录： C:/virtualenv/zakkabag

项目名称： zakkabag

最终的安装版本如下，后面我会一步一步描述如何安装

操作系统

python

mysql

apache

Windows Server 2016 64bit

python 2.7.3 (32 位)

python-2.7.3.msi

32位安装版

mysql-5.5.12-win32.msi

MySQL-python-1.2.4b4.win32-py2.7.exe

32位安装版

httpd-2.2.25-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi

mod_wsgi-win32-ap22py27-3.3

安装

Python2.7.3

Windows x86 MSI Installer (2.7.3) (sig) http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/python-2.7.3.msi

安装路径： D:\Python27 (example)

安装完成之后，记得把D:\Python27加入环境变量Path，这样Python命令可以在任意路径执行

执行python命令，如果出现下面信息，说明安装已成功

C:\Users\User1>python

Python 2.7.6 (default, Nov 10 2013, 19:24:18) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

Django

Django的安装有多种方法，可以从源码安装，也可以利用pip命令安装

源码安装

文件路径； D:\Django-1.5.5 (example)，这是一个很老的版本，之前用这个方法安装过，这儿仅是提供一种方法，一般我现在采用pip方法安装

安装命令:

cd D:\Django-1.5.5

python setup.py install

Django会在python Lib目录下面创建新的目录： d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django

….

byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\views\i18n.py to i18n.pyc

byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\views\static.py to static.py

……

byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\views\__init__.py to __init__.pyc

byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py to __init__.pyc

running install_scripts

creating d:\Python27\Scripts

copying build\scripts-2.7\django-admin.py -> d:\Python27\Scripts

running install_egg_info

Writing d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\Django-1.5.5-py2.7.egg-info

把D:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\加入环境变量path

把D:\Python27\Script加入环境变量Path，这样django-admin.py可以在任意目录运行

pip安装

pip install django==1.5.5

mysql & MySQLLdb

参考mysql安装指南

Apache2.2

安装版

从官网下载apache安装包http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi，我的安装路径为d:\Program Files\

我之前用的版本是httpd-2.2.25-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi，官网已经找不到了，我的理解只要装同一系列应该问题就可以了。

安装完成之后，主要的路径及文件如下：

d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\modules\ 组件位置，需要加载的组件放在该路径

d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\conf\ httpd.conf 最重要的配置文件

D:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.4\logs 相关错误打印可以在下面文件找到

免安装版

下载

直接从官网http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi下载，并解压到对应目录

配置

需要将一些对应的路径替换掉，以httpd-2.2-x64版本为例，将安装文件httpd-2.2.19-win64.rar解压到目录D:/PythonWebSW

文件conf/httpd.conf

ServerRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64"

DocumentRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64/htdocs"

<Directory "/httpd-2.2-x64/cgi-bin">

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/httpd-2.2-x64/cgi-bin/"

替换为

ServerRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64"

DocumentRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/htdocs"

<Directory "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/cgi-bin">

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/cgi-bin/"

文件conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com

DocumentRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64/docs/dummy-host.example.com"

ServerName dummy-host.example.com

ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com

ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error.log"

CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access.log" common

</VirtualHost>

ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com

DocumentRoot "/httpd-2.2-x64/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"

ServerName dummy-host2.example.com

ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error.log"

CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access.log" common

</VirtualHost>

替换为

ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com

DocumentRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/docs/dummy-host.example.com"

ServerName dummy-host.example.com

ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com

ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error.log"

CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access.log" common

</VirtualHost>

ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com

DocumentRoot "D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"

ServerName dummy-host2.example.com

ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error.log"

CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access.log" common

</VirtualHost>

安装

D:\PythonWebSW\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>httpd -k install

有的时候会报错

D:\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>httpd -k install

Installing the Apache2.2 service

The Apache2.2 service is successfully installed.

Testing httpd.conf....

Errors reported here must be corrected before the service can be started.

httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.1.101 for ServerName

(OS 10013)An attempt was made to access a socket in a way forbidden by its access permissions. : make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80

no listening sockets available, shutting down

Unable to open logs

原因及解决：有可能是系统80端口默认被占用了，可以修改conf/httpd.conf监听端口，Listen 80 修改为 Listen 8081(或其他端口号)

启动

D:\PythonWebSW\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>start httpd

卸载

D:\PythonWebSW\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>httpd -k uninstall

mod_wsgi

下载

注意：下载mod_wsgi.so版本需和python和apache匹配

http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#mod_wsgi

我之前下过一个对应apache22和python2.7的版本，名字mod_wsgi-win32-ap22py27-3.3，这个可以直接用，所以一直用着，网上可以直接搜到。

安装和配置

将mod_wsgi.so放到d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\modules\ , 并在httpd.conf里添加

LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so

httpd.conf的位置在d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\conf\

注意：apache装载wsgi模块，名字可以自定义

配置 httpd.conf

搜索http.conf文件,把"Deny from all" 及 "Require all denied" 等语句全部注释掉:

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride None

Require all denied

Order deny,allow

Deny from all

</Directory>

修改为

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride None

</Directory>

测试wsgi

添加test.wsgi文件，我放在项目下面的apache文件夹下，这个文件夹是专门用来放跟apache相关的配置的

def application(environ, start_response):

status = '200 OK'

output = 'Hello World!'

response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'),

('Content-Length', str(len(output)))]

start_response(status, response_headers)

return [output]

在http.conf里面引入这段代码

Include " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache /test.wsgi "

测试 : http://localhost:8081

注：这儿监听端口是8081

项目配置

项目主目录

在项目目录下面创建一个文件夹apache，添加文件"django.wsgi" & "apache_django_wsgi.conf"

和test.wsgi一样，我们也可以用这个方法引入这段配置

Include " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/apache_django_wsgi.conf"

注：这些配置文件可直接写在httpd.conf文件里，但我倾向于用专门的文件，这样便于项目维护

apache_django_wsgi.conf

测试项目

WSGIScriptAlias / " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/test.wsgi"

实际项目

WSGIScriptAlias / " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/django.wsgi"

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride None

Order deny,allow

Allow from all

</Directory>

django.wsgi

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] ="zakkabag.settings"

import django

django.setup()

import django.core.handlers.wsgi

application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

静态资源

apache_django_wsgi.conf

Alias /static "C:/virtualenv/ zakkabag /static_in_env/static_root"

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Directory>

Django的setting里

Settings.py

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

重启

配置完成之后记得重启apache

常见问题

问题1 (OS 5)Access is denied. : Apache2.2: OpenService failed

如果出现这个错误，用管理员权限打开cmd

问题2 (OS 1072)The specified service has been marked for deletion. : Apache2.2: Failed to delete the service.

将service里面的停掉

问题3ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb

原因是MysqlLdb没有安装好，具体参考mysql安装指南文章

Window 安装文件：

MySQL-python-1.2.3.win-amd64-py2.7.exe

Linux:

MySQL-python==1.2.3

生成的文件如下

MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.7.egg-info （文件夹）

MySQLdb （文件夹）

_mysql.pyd

_mysql_exceptions.py

_mysql_exceptions.pyc

_mysql_exceptions.pyo

问题4机器上可能会配置多个apache，有的时候安装新的apache时需要先把之前install的uninstall

问题5 Django: AppRegistryNotReady()

在 django.wsgi, 添加setup()

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] ="zakkabag.settings"

import django

django.setup()

import django.core.handlers.wsgi

application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

参考 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24793351/django-appregistrynotready

setup()

This function is called automatically:

When running an HTTP server via Django's WSGI support.
When invoking a management command.

It must be called explicitly in other cases, for instance in plain Python scripts.

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posted on 2018-02-09 23:38 汪汪家园阅读(17953) 评论(1) 编辑收藏举报