信息安全系统设计基础第十周学习总结

 

 

 

课本知识点重点见上周博客

 

 

实践代码部分如下

 

cp1

 

#include        <stdio.h>//标准输入输出
#include        <stdlib.h>//C标准函数库
#include        <unistd.h>//Unix类系统定义符号常量
#include        <fcntl.h>//定义了很多宏和open,fcntl函数原型

#define BUFFERSIZE      4096//定义存储器容量
#define COPYMODE        0644//定义复制的长度

void oops(char *, char *);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int in_fd, out_fd, n_chars;//三个描述符值
	char buf[BUFFERSIZE];//存储器位置

	/*cp的参数有两个,分别是要复制的文件,和目的目录,这样一共应该是有三个操作数
	所以要先检查argc的值是否为三,如果不是,返回标准错误*/
	if (argc != 3) {
		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s source destination\n", *argv);
		exit(1);
	}
    /*检查cp的第一个参数,要复制的文件,用open打开,in_fd为open返回的描述符
    如果返回-1,代表打开失败,提示错误*/
	if ((in_fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
		oops("Cannot open ", argv[1]);

    /*检查cp的第二个参数,复制的目的地址,用create在目的地址创建新文件,out_fd为open返回的描述符
    如果返回-1,代表创建失败,提示错误*/
	if ((out_fd = creat(argv[2], COPYMODE)) == -1)
		oops("Cannot creat", argv[2]);

    /*cp指令的动作就是读取一个文件的内容到存储器,在新的地址创建空白文件,再从存储器将内容写入新文件。
    这里判断复制是否成功:
    如果能读取顺利,而读取的位数和写的位数不同,是写错误;
    如果读取失败,是读错误。*/
	while ((n_chars = read(in_fd, buf, BUFFERSIZE)) > 0)
		if (write(out_fd, buf, n_chars) != n_chars)
			oops("Write error to ", argv[2]);
	if (n_chars == -1)
		oops("Read error from ", argv[1]);

    /*这里执行的是关闭文件的动作,in_fd和out_fd两个文件描述符
    所指向的文件只要有一个关闭错误,就提示关闭错误。*/
	if (close(in_fd) == -1 || close(out_fd) == -1)
		oops("Error closing files", "");
}

/*这个是用来输出错误信息的函数*/
void oops(char *s1, char *s2)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s ", s1);
	perror(s2);//用来将上一个函数发生错误的原因输出到标准设备(stderr)
	exit(1);
}


运行示例:复制main.c,命名为1.c

 

 

ls1

 

#include	<stdio.h>
#include	<sys/types.h>
#include	<dirent.h>

void do_ls(char []);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    /*如果操作数只有1个,表明ls后面没有带参数,默认为当前目录,.表示当前目录。*/
	if ( argc == 1 )
		do_ls( "." );
    /*如果ls后面有参数,就把参数读入argv中。*/
	else
		while ( --argc ){
			printf("%s:\n", *++argv );
			do_ls( *argv );
		}

	return 0;
}

/*因为ls和dir功能相近,用dir来实现ls*/
void do_ls( char dirname[] )
{
	DIR		*dir_ptr;
	struct dirent	*direntp;

    /*如果没有指向的那个地址,报错*/
	if ( ( dir_ptr = opendir( dirname ) ) == NULL )
		fprintf(stderr,"ls1: cannot open %s\n", dirname);
	else
	{
	    /*递归的方式来读取*/
		while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
			printf("%s\n", direntp->d_name );
		closedir(dir_ptr);
	}
}

 运行示例:

 

ls2

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
void do_ls(char[]);
void dostat(char *);
void show_file_info( char *, struct stat *);
void mode_to_letters( int , char [] );
char *uid_to_name( uid_t );
char *gid_to_name( gid_t );
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if ( argc == 1 )
do_ls( "." );
else
while ( --argc ){
printf("%s:\n", *++argv );
do_ls( *argv );
}
	return 0;
}
void do_ls( char dirname[] )
{
DIR *dir_ptr;
struct dirent *direntp;
	if ( ( dir_ptr = opendir( dirname ) ) == NULL )
fprintf(stderr,"ls1: cannot open %s\n", dirname);
else
{
while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
dostat( direntp->d_name );
closedir(dir_ptr);
}
}
void dostat( char *filename )
{
struct stat info;
	if ( stat(filename, &info) == -1 )		
perror( filename );
else
show_file_info( filename, &info );
}
void show_file_info( char *filename, struct stat *info_p )
{
char *uid_to_name(), *ctime(), *gid_to_name(), *filemode();
void mode_to_letters();
char modestr[11];
	mode_to_letters( info_p->st_mode, modestr );
	printf( "%s"    , modestr );
printf( "%4d " , (int) info_p->st_nlink);
printf( "%-8s " , uid_to_name(info_p->st_uid) );
printf( "%-8s " , gid_to_name(info_p->st_gid) );
printf( "%8ld " , (long)info_p->st_size);
printf( "%.12s ", 4+ctime(&info_p->st_mtime));
printf( "%s\n" , filename );
}
void mode_to_letters( int mode, char str[] )
{
strcpy( str, "----------" );
    if ( S_ISDIR(mode) )  str[0] = 'd';    
if ( S_ISCHR(mode) ) str[0] = 'c';
if ( S_ISBLK(mode) ) str[0] = 'b';
    if ( mode & S_IRUSR ) str[1] = 'r';    
if ( mode & S_IWUSR ) str[2] = 'w';
if ( mode & S_IXUSR ) str[3] = 'x';
    if ( mode & S_IRGRP ) str[4] = 'r';    
if ( mode & S_IWGRP ) str[5] = 'w';
if ( mode & S_IXGRP ) str[6] = 'x';
    if ( mode & S_IROTH ) str[7] = 'r';    
if ( mode & S_IWOTH ) str[8] = 'w';
if ( mode & S_IXOTH ) str[9] = 'x';
}
#include	<pwd.h>
char *uid_to_name( uid_t uid )
{
struct passwd *getpwuid(), *pw_ptr;
static char numstr[10];
	if ( ( pw_ptr = getpwuid( uid ) ) == NULL ){
sprintf(numstr,"%d", uid);
return numstr;
}
else
return pw_ptr->pw_name ;
}
#include	<grp.h>
char *gid_to_name( gid_t gid )
{
struct group *getgrgid(), *grp_ptr;
static char numstr[10];
	if ( ( grp_ptr = getgrgid(gid) ) == NULL ){
sprintf(numstr,"%d", gid);
return numstr;
}
else
return grp_ptr->gr_name;
}

 ls2比ls1功能更全,能够显示文件的详细信息(用户名,群组名,大小,创建时间,读写权限等)

运行示例:

 

who

 

#include	<stdio.h>
#include	<stdlib.h>
#include	<utmp.h>
#include	<fcntl.h>
#include	<unistd.h>

#define	SHOWHOST	

int show_info( struct utmp *utbufp )
{
	printf("%-8.8s", utbufp->ut_name);	
	printf(" ");				
	printf("%-8.8s", utbufp->ut_line);	
	printf(" ");				
	printf("%10ld", utbufp->ut_time);	
	printf(" ");				
#ifdef	SHOWHOST
	printf("(%s)", utbufp->ut_host);	
#endif
	printf("\n");				

	return 0;
}
int main()
{
	struct utmp	 current_record;	
	int		utmpfd;		
	int		reclen = sizeof(current_record);

/*打开UTMP_FILE读取信息,如果打开失败则输出失败信息。*/
	if ( (utmpfd = open(UTMP_FILE, O_RDONLY)) == -1 ){
		perror( UTMP_FILE );	
		exit(1);
	}
	/*读取信息到存储器中,reclen就是是读的字节数,然后再调用函数打印出来。*/
	while ( read(utmpfd, &current_record, reclen) == reclen )
		show_info(&current_record);
	close(utmpfd);
	return 0;			
}

 该代码功能为从UTMP_FILE文件中读取想要的信息到存储器中,然后再用标准输出函数打印到屏幕上,最后关闭文件

运行示例:

 

echostate

 

#include        <stdio.h>
#include        <stdlib.h>
#include        <termios.h>

int main()
{
        struct termios info;
        int rv;

        rv = tcgetattr( 0, &info );     /* read values from driver      */

        if ( rv == -1 ){
                perror( "tcgetattr");
                exit(1);
        }
        if ( info.c_lflag & ECHO )
                printf(" echo is on , since its bit is 1\n");
        else
                printf(" echo is OFF, since its bit is 0\n");

		return 0;
}

该代码用于检查命令行中的提示符是否显示,如果显示,输入的命令都可见,不显示则表示输入的命令不可见 

运行示例:

 

setecho

 

#include        <stdio.h>
#include 		<stdlib.h>
#include        <termios.h>

#define  oops(s,x) { perror(s); exit(x); }

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        struct termios info;

        if ( argc == 1 ) 
		exit(0);

        if ( tcgetattr(0,&info) == -1 )
			oops("tcgettattr", 1);

        if ( argv[1][0] == 'y' )
                info.c_lflag |= ECHO ;/*打开提示符*/
        else
                info.c_lflag &= ~ECHO ;/*隐藏提示符*/

        if ( tcsetattr(0,TCSANOW,&info) == -1 )
               oops("tcsetattr",2);
	
		return 0;
}

 该代码用于改变echo的状态

运行示例:(其中第八行输入的ls命令隐藏不可见)

 

fileinfo

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

void show_stat_info(char *, struct stat *);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct stat info;        

    if (argc>1)
	{
	
        if( stat(argv[1], &info) != -1 ){
            show_stat_info( argv[1], &info );
            return 0;
        }
        else
            perror(argv[1]);  
	}
    return 1;
}
void show_stat_info(char *fname, struct stat *buf)
{
    printf("   mode: %o\n", buf->st_mode);         
    printf("  links: %d\n", buf->st_nlink);        
    printf("   user: %d\n", buf->st_uid);          
    printf("  group: %d\n", buf->st_gid);          
    printf("   size: %d\n", (int)buf->st_size);         
    printf("modtime: %d\n", (int)buf->st_mtime);        
    printf("   name: %s\n", fname );               
}

 

该代码用于实现显示文件信息,建立了一个stat数据结构。先判断命令是否有操作数,有的话才能继续进行下去,如果没有报错就打印出来相关文件信息,报错就用perror将报错信息打印出来

运行示例:

 

filesize

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

int main()
{
	struct stat infobuf;           

	if ( stat( "/etc/passwd", &infobuf) == -1 )
		perror("/etc/passwd");
	else
		printf(" The size of /etc/passwd is %d\n", infobuf.st_size );
}

 该代码用于计算文件字节数大小

运行示例:

 

spwd

 

#include	<stdio.h>
#include    <stdlib.h>
#include    <string.h>
#include	<sys/types.h>
#include	<sys/stat.h>
#include	<dirent.h>

ino_t	get_inode(char *);
void    printpathto(ino_t);
void    inum_to_name(ino_t , char *, int );

int main()
{
	printpathto( get_inode( "." ) );	
	putchar('\n');				
	return 0;
}

void printpathto( ino_t this_inode )
{
	ino_t	my_inode ;
	char	its_name[BUFSIZ];

	if ( get_inode("..") != this_inode )
	{
		chdir( ".." );				

		inum_to_name(this_inode,its_name,BUFSIZ);

		my_inode = get_inode( "." );		
		printpathto( my_inode );		
		printf("/%s", its_name );		
							
	}
}

void inum_to_name(ino_t inode_to_find , char *namebuf, int buflen)
{
	DIR		*dir_ptr;		
	struct dirent	*direntp;		

	dir_ptr = opendir( "." );
	if ( dir_ptr == NULL ){
		perror( "." );
		exit(1);
	}


	while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
		if ( direntp->d_ino == inode_to_find )
		{
			strncpy( namebuf, direntp->d_name, buflen);
			namebuf[buflen-1] = '\0';   
			closedir( dir_ptr );
			return;
		}
	fprintf(stderr, "error looking for inum %d\n", (int) inode_to_find);
	exit(1);
}

ino_t get_inode( char *fname )
{
	struct stat info;

	if ( stat( fname , &info ) == -1 ){
		fprintf(stderr, "Cannot stat ");
		perror(fname);
		exit(1);
	}
	return info.st_ino;
}

 

运行示例:

 

testioctl

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

int main()
{
	struct winsize size;
	if( isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) == 0)
		exit(1);
	if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &size) < 0) {
		perror("ioctl TIOCGWINSZ error");
		exit(1);
	}

	printf("%d rows %d columns\n", size.ws_row, size.ws_col);
	return 0;
}

 运行示例:

 

 

 

参考资料:1.上周博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/20135310cqr/p/4947215.html

     2.课程QQ群中压缩文件fs.tar.gz

       3.20135202上周博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/20135202yjx/p/4947272.html

posted on 2015-11-15 13:29  dky20135310  阅读(341)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报